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hello everybody and welcome to this

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week's Hubble hangout we have another

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great plant hangout plan for you this

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week my name is Tony Darnell I work at

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the Space Telescope Science Institute

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but before we get started on today's

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hangout I have big news everyone our own

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dr. Jason Keller iets be the JWST

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project scientist at the Space Telescope

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Science Institute has released or

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earlier this summer had released an

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audio segment for academic minute on

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exploring exoplanets and he is up for a

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listener's choice award and so I'd like

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to have to give a shout-out and ask you

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guys if you want to support help support

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some of the JWST mission I put a link to

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where you can vote on his audio segment

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down in the description box on both the

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G+ page and the youtube channel so

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please click on it and look for his uh

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look for his segment listen to it and if

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you'd like it even move out it's you

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it's a it's a good way to support the

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jdub ust project and dr. Jason Keller I

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so I encourage you to check it out and

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and let us know what you think I'd also

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like to take a minute on behalf of the

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Space Telescope Science Institute and

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give a big congratulations to esa's

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rosetta canoe yeah because yesterday

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they successfully landed the fillet

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lander on comet 67p that's all i'm going

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to call it because I can't ever

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pronounce the rest of the stuff it was

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still awesome it was it was watching it

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the separation end and the landing live

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and I'm just like Nura on the edge of my

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seat like can you believe it we are on a

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comet now yeah we live in the Golden Age

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of astronomy one groups times anyway

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congrats all you guys wonderful work and

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we look forward to seeing some science

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that come out of this stuff so anyway

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good job guys um okay today's hangout

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have you ever wondered how people point

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the Hubble Space Telescope how do you

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use this thing how does it work I mean

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we learned a couple of weeks ago that

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there's not astronauts up there steering

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and driving it around with as far as I

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know there's not little hamsters on

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wheels running around up there so how do

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you point and use the Hubble Space

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Telescope and how do you talk to it

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woody how do you know if something's

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gone wrong well today we've got some

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NASA

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who are here to help answer all of those

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questions and tell us how the Hubble is

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operated on a day to day basis before I

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get started though let me introduce my

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cohorts dr. carol christian from the HST

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she's the HSE outreach scientist she's

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here I she was every week hi Carol hello

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and soon-to-be doctor one day anyway uh

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Scott Lewis from talk is I would I don't

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know about that oh okay well it was a

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good I don't hate myself that much fair

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enough he's also here to help us drive

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the internet and do all things uh social

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media so welcome Scott and while we're

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on you why don't you give everybody an

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idea how they can interact with us

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during this hangout yes so the the

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biggest way to interact with us which

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just allows us to answer your questions

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is on the Q&A app so we have that

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enabled on both google+ and youtube if

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you're on youtube watching embedded

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somewhere will be on a lower left-hand

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side and yellow link it pops up and

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you're able to ask questions we're able

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to select them and answer them live on

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air you can leave us our comments on the

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event page and google+ or comments on

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YouTube we will be seeing those and I am

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monitoring the Hubble hangout hashtag on

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Twitter and be sending out a bunch of

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other things out there too so we'd love

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to hear your comments and questions over

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on the Twitterverse awesome well done so

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let me introduce our guests let me start

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we have three engineers all of whom are

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in the control room of the Hubble Space

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Telescope the nerve center if you will

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I'll start with Scotts Wayne he is a

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systems engineer in charge of keeping

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all the science instruments working it's

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his job to keep an eye on all the

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science instruments to make sure that

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they're working properly and it was

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stalled new software to help them do to

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help him go even better so welcome Scott

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I'm glad to have you here also with me

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is uh is Mike when's he is in charge of

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the fine guidance sensors on Hubble and

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we'll talk about what those are the

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Hangout progresses that responsible for

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holder for keeping Hubble pointed super

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accurately so he will be talking to us

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about those hi Mike glad to be here hey

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thank you

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Morgan van ours arsenal did I pronounce

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that right yeah okay she uh she works on

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all of it apparently she's a UH she

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works on everything so she's going to

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give us she's really going to give us a

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sort of a look at all the different

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aspects but most importantly you're

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going to talk about what they do when

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something goes wrong on Hubble and and

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how they handle it how they know so

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welcome guys so let me get started with

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what did we just start with you Mike are

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I'm sorry Morgan why don't you describe

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for us where you are right now where are

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you sitting okay so we are in the Space

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Telescope operations control center this

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room that we're in right now you can see

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um I'll hold my computer office for a

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second you can see a lot of different

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banks of computers a lot of stations and

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during activities if we're installing a

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new flight software or we have a problem

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going on this room will be full of

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systems engineers looking at the data

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and sending watching commands to the

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telescope in the room right next door to

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us is the mission operations room and

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that's where day-to-day rolling and

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commanding comes from so we can that's

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where the flight ops team sets when

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they're doing operations that's also

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where we is really the heart of our

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automated operations um oh that's the

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room we don't want to be hitting ctrl

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alt delete I take it right that's what

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they do okay so so Mike want to give us

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a little background on what you do what

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you do and what your responsibilities

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are okay I'm responsible for what is

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defined idence sensors on the telescope

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these are actually there there there's a

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free sepron instrument um is it original

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model which mints are actually placed

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about 90 degrees apart around Hubble so

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I'm actually putting guys who actually

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has three separate instruments that I

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get responsible for and these actually

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help help through the final bit of

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holding total lockdown at target to be

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able to telescope it moves in very

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interesting ways um knock on it exactly

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a multitude of different instruments

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working sort of been there but to find

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items sensors are the last ones they are

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to put lock it on supposed perfectly

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aligned for those

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very very long very funny okay I want to

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get to I want to get to some of the

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specifics of how Hubble is pointed and

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in particular the fine guidance sensor

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but so but but for now we'll just say

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that these are detectors that are on the

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focal plane of the telescope that are

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responsible for keeping track of stars

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and nearby objects to make sure that's

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pointed very precisely correct yes okay

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awesome so uh Scott science instruments

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all of them really know wow so you're

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the man if if it's tough if this stuff

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goes down you're having a bad day right

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so tell us a little bit about what your

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responsibilities are and maybe give us a

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quick overview of some of the science

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instruments on the on the Hubble um well

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we are responsible for all Sciences

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prints on Hubble as well as the computer

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that controls them there are five

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currently on board the first is the

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advanced camera for surveys or ACS

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second is the near infrared camera and

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multi-object spectrometer or Nick moss

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we have the space telescope imaging

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spectrograph or stiffs the cosmic

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origins spectrograph cos and wife is

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number three wide field or wfc3 my

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personal favorite all on course we also

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have a sixth pseudo instrument that's

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the Nick most cooling system that we use

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to keep the infrared cameras in Nick

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moss cool what's in there is it does

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that have like liquid nitrogen or

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something liquid helium or something

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exactly cool helium yes okay and and

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what temperatures do these need to be op

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kept at when the system is operating

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it's currently dormant right now but

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when the system is operating and keeps

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the detectors at about 72 k ice and then

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things why do these instruments need to

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be cold uh well if the instant the

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infrared instrument especially needs to

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be cold because it's really detecting

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infrared radiation from you know the

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very beginnings of the universe the

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cosmic background so it's it's looking

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at very long wavelengths I our imagery

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so the detector needs to be cold for

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that it also needs to be kind of cooled

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and kept in an optimum temperature to

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keep electronic noise from the detector

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away from you know contaminating the

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image as well right so the colder it is

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the less noise and the less thermal

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a signature it has to pick up I'm so

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happy I'm doing this hangout because one

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question I've been dying to ask somebody

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is I've use telescopes a lot and I've

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worked on telescopes on the ground in

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Chile and places like that and always

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whenever you build an instrument a big

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concern is stray light uh that's the

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light that doesn't you know it's just

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kind of reflects off of stuff inside the

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optical tube or it just reflects off of

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things in the telescope how bad or how

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good is the Hubble stray light situation

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I mean there is there a lot of a lot of

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it in theirs are very little compared to

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say a ground-based telescope what's the

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sense of that I like a pro actually it's

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all okay I'm sorry go ahead Mike well

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because I'm actually the one responsible

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for focusing the telescope um yeah when

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the astronomers come back and say the

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telescope isn't perfectly in focus i'm

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actually you have to command the

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secondary mirror we actually focus the

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telescope by moving the mirror you

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answered my question I'm just gonna ask

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you how it's done good going actually

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move it by microns I mean they'll

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actually come and say we want the mirror

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move by two microns millions of an inch

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we can actually actually have it slicing

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it up but to answer your question by a

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straight line bubbles is extremely

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baffled on there actually 24 the tubes

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come to cut exactly down on that on the

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inside of the telescope is gamblers

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different model but it's got a very very

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special black paint on it that's baked

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not scatter light at all it great pains

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at on every anything bright that can

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start reflecting off on we actually

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can't on cams are very close to the Sun

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we actually have a very large angle that

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we can't get close next any like we need

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parts the 52 the 28 Ike I need to

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00:10:46,680 --> 00:10:44,110
interrupt you for just a moment can you

273
00:10:48,449 --> 00:10:46,690
please move closer to the mic all right

274
00:10:50,940 --> 00:10:48,459
thank you yeah you're just at the edge

275
00:10:53,670 --> 00:10:50,950
where it keeps up go ahead I'm sorry to

276
00:10:56,069 --> 00:10:53,680
interrupt no no no profit in it so

277
00:10:58,199 --> 00:10:56,079
mainly we keep this header light down by

278
00:11:01,230 --> 00:10:58,209
making sure we aren't making any sort of

279
00:11:03,960 --> 00:11:01,240
external light entering the IP on the

280
00:11:07,980 --> 00:11:03,970
planet even away from both the balloon

281
00:11:09,750 --> 00:11:07,990
in the Sun all right so so it

282
00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:09,760
the baffles which all telescopes have

283
00:11:15,240 --> 00:11:11,410
sort of reduced as sort of reflectivity

284
00:11:16,829 --> 00:11:15,250
in there and so let's get back to the

285
00:11:18,360 --> 00:11:16,839
focusing now you so you move this so

286
00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:18,370
there's a primary mirror that's the big

287
00:11:21,570 --> 00:11:19,930
mirror at the bottom of the two of the

288
00:11:23,460 --> 00:11:21,580
tube and inside that big cylinder and

289
00:11:25,860 --> 00:11:23,470
then up toward the end of the tube by

290
00:11:28,860 --> 00:11:25,870
the end by the by the cap that opens and

291
00:11:31,230 --> 00:11:28,870
closes is the secondary mirror and that

292
00:11:33,420 --> 00:11:31,240
is what you move back and forth in very

293
00:11:36,930 --> 00:11:33,430
tiny amounts to focus it and you could

294
00:11:38,310 --> 00:11:36,940
do it on order of microns what how it is

295
00:11:40,019 --> 00:11:38,320
that that can't be a stepper motor I

296
00:11:42,810 --> 00:11:40,029
mean what kind of how do you move things

297
00:11:45,510 --> 00:11:42,820
that way actually there there are

298
00:11:48,900 --> 00:11:45,520
separate stepper motors in there ganged

299
00:11:51,570 --> 00:11:48,910
up there's three sets of two reason you

300
00:11:53,190 --> 00:11:51,580
do this is one of those different motors

301
00:11:57,090 --> 00:11:53,200
brakes you want to be able to still

302
00:11:59,970 --> 00:11:57,100
focused telescope all right they are

303
00:12:01,260 --> 00:11:59,980
actually who redundant so we have sort

304
00:12:03,420 --> 00:12:01,270
of three sets of two but they are

305
00:12:05,820 --> 00:12:03,430
stepper motors in there just just gear

306
00:12:08,579 --> 00:12:05,830
down to where each of our steps is

307
00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:08,589
actually we could focus less than 1

308
00:12:16,590 --> 00:12:11,290
micron we actually are steps are about 6

309
00:12:18,240 --> 00:12:16,600
microns it's not hard because that's

310
00:12:20,310 --> 00:12:18,250
point since microns is very little

311
00:12:23,610 --> 00:12:20,320
motion at all but we can actually focus

312
00:12:26,220 --> 00:12:23,620
with when we focus really focusing about

313
00:12:28,319 --> 00:12:26,230
my crop defiance instrument guys come

314
00:12:31,889 --> 00:12:28,329
back and they say oh yeah that's much

315
00:12:34,410 --> 00:12:31,899
better yeah majan really funny no one's

316
00:12:35,880 --> 00:12:34,420
saying much better much better okay so

317
00:12:37,560 --> 00:12:35,890
this may or may not be in your purview

318
00:12:39,690 --> 00:12:37,570
but let me ask you about flexure we all

319
00:12:42,690 --> 00:12:39,700
know that the Hubble is in orbit around

320
00:12:44,519 --> 00:12:42,700
the earth it goes it goes in bright

321
00:12:46,079 --> 00:12:44,529
spots where the temperature gets warm

322
00:12:49,290 --> 00:12:46,089
and then it goes behind the earth if

323
00:12:51,300 --> 00:12:49,300
it's dark and cold so this is this does

324
00:12:53,310 --> 00:12:51,310
the Hubble do much of this expanding and

325
00:12:56,699 --> 00:12:53,320
contracting over the course of an orbit

326
00:12:59,340 --> 00:12:56,709
and do is it much of a worry when you're

327
00:13:02,160 --> 00:12:59,350
trying to focus it yeah actually they

328
00:13:06,090 --> 00:13:02,170
eat telescope doesn't do a lot of

329
00:13:09,840 --> 00:13:06,100
bending lecture because that pipe it all

330
00:13:14,880 --> 00:13:09,850
covered in the insulation or get very

331
00:13:17,760 --> 00:13:14,890
little on thermal changes on it and it's

332
00:13:20,879 --> 00:13:17,770
a graphite epoxy record epoxy structure

333
00:13:25,099 --> 00:13:20,889
to it but what we what's happened is

334
00:13:28,439 --> 00:13:25,109
breathing in telescope actually it go it

335
00:13:31,199 --> 00:13:28,449
moved a little bit in and out um that's

336
00:13:32,489 --> 00:13:31,209
actually that says function of orbital

337
00:13:35,489 --> 00:13:32,499
temperature that's actually something

338
00:13:37,829 --> 00:13:35,499
the scientists have to live if they'd

339
00:13:42,210 --> 00:13:37,839
actually take it out actually for the

340
00:13:44,039 --> 00:13:42,220
temperatures then so we go on the

341
00:13:47,669 --> 00:13:44,049
science data but it actually does change

342
00:13:49,289 --> 00:13:47,679
yeah order not to make month so we're

343
00:13:52,710 --> 00:13:49,299
focusing within two and the breathing is

344
00:13:55,409 --> 00:13:52,720
good Wow so yeah so that I can imagine

345
00:13:57,689 --> 00:13:55,419
that effect being really huge and and so

346
00:13:59,069 --> 00:13:57,699
they have a way of correcting for that

347
00:14:00,359 --> 00:13:59,079
after they get their images that is that

348
00:14:02,429 --> 00:14:00,369
what you're saying yeah yeah it's

349
00:14:05,639 --> 00:14:02,439
actually very well modeled because it's

350
00:14:08,400 --> 00:14:05,649
it's fairly well behaved and so actually

351
00:14:11,639 --> 00:14:08,410
they monitor a bunch of the temperature

352
00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:11,649
uh Elementary they'll actually to take

353
00:14:14,939 --> 00:14:12,850
it out from the data that they'll be

354
00:14:17,220 --> 00:14:14,949
able to wreck the date on the ground no

355
00:14:20,099 --> 00:14:17,230
it's out of focus by this much at this

356
00:14:23,009 --> 00:14:20,109
time so I was just going to say that

357
00:14:25,109 --> 00:14:23,019
that might just said something

358
00:14:26,970 --> 00:14:25,119
interesting you said telemetry so in it

359
00:14:29,429 --> 00:14:26,980
when you're getting images or science

360
00:14:31,590 --> 00:14:29,439
information there's a whole bucket load

361
00:14:34,139 --> 00:14:31,600
of other parameters that come down from

362
00:14:36,629 --> 00:14:34,149
the spacecraft that tell you things like

363
00:14:38,280 --> 00:14:36,639
temperature voltages all that kind of

364
00:14:40,699 --> 00:14:38,290
thing so it turns out that that

365
00:14:43,499 --> 00:14:40,709
engineering data is very useful for

366
00:14:45,179 --> 00:14:43,509
parameterizing these kind of things when

367
00:14:46,559 --> 00:14:45,189
you're trying to calibrate your science

368
00:14:49,139 --> 00:14:46,569
instrument you have to have all those

369
00:14:51,359 --> 00:14:49,149
engineering values it's it's a pain but

370
00:14:54,269 --> 00:14:51,369
the astronomers love to be you know get

371
00:14:56,280 --> 00:14:54,279
the best data that we can and correct

372
00:14:58,889 --> 00:14:56,290
for you know model and correct for

373
00:15:01,979 --> 00:14:58,899
anything we can so that we remove all

374
00:15:05,460 --> 00:15:01,989
that instrument signature or telescope

375
00:15:09,299 --> 00:15:05,470
signature from the data so Morgan in the

376
00:15:10,919 --> 00:15:09,309
description i got from from mike to sort

377
00:15:13,710 --> 00:15:10,929
of describing what you did he used the

378
00:15:15,720 --> 00:15:13,720
term hurting cat so what I guess what

379
00:15:18,389 --> 00:15:15,730
you what a part of your job is you need

380
00:15:19,949 --> 00:15:18,399
to make sure that when the engineers and

381
00:15:22,710 --> 00:15:19,959
all the different subsystems need to be

382
00:15:24,689 --> 00:15:22,720
either worked on or maintained in some

383
00:15:26,249 --> 00:15:24,699
way you kind of coordinate that can you

384
00:15:29,489 --> 00:15:26,259
speak a little bit about that right

385
00:15:31,229 --> 00:15:29,499
exactly so if you have we have a lot of

386
00:15:33,179 --> 00:15:31,239
different subsystems on the telescope

387
00:15:34,800 --> 00:15:33,189
you have the power subsystem obviously

388
00:15:37,530 --> 00:15:34,810
supplying power and everybody

389
00:15:39,600 --> 00:15:37,540
Scott's science instruments make and

390
00:15:42,330 --> 00:15:39,610
another group is working on the pointing

391
00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:42,340
and the fine guidance but really it's a

392
00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:43,930
whole system that has to work together

393
00:15:48,390 --> 00:15:45,730
it's a telescope but it's also a

394
00:15:50,220 --> 00:15:48,400
spacecraft and you need everything to

395
00:15:52,650 --> 00:15:50,230
get the picture out at the end right you

396
00:15:54,150 --> 00:15:52,660
need the power to be supplying power to

397
00:15:56,220 --> 00:15:54,160
get the communications and the

398
00:15:58,019 --> 00:15:56,230
instruments all working together so

399
00:15:59,850 --> 00:15:58,029
there are three of us on the systems

400
00:16:02,070 --> 00:15:59,860
management team that really try to make

401
00:16:03,990 --> 00:16:02,080
sure everybody talking to each other

402
00:16:06,480 --> 00:16:04,000
everybody's aware of what's going on on

403
00:16:08,340 --> 00:16:06,490
the telescope and if that needs to

404
00:16:10,650 --> 00:16:08,350
upload some new flight software to one

405
00:16:12,420 --> 00:16:10,660
of the instruments for example that's

406
00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:12,430
going to involve the management group

407
00:16:15,810 --> 00:16:14,410
that's sending up the commands and the

408
00:16:17,340 --> 00:16:15,820
flight software group it's obviously

409
00:16:19,680 --> 00:16:17,350
developing and testing the flight

410
00:16:21,450 --> 00:16:19,690
software and so I'll be involved to make

411
00:16:23,610 --> 00:16:21,460
sure that everything's tested correctly

412
00:16:26,070 --> 00:16:23,620
make sure that all the commands going to

413
00:16:27,660 --> 00:16:26,080
work together correctly and just that

414
00:16:30,210 --> 00:16:27,670
everybody's pointing in the same

415
00:16:31,829 --> 00:16:30,220
direction and on the same page so how

416
00:16:33,240 --> 00:16:31,839
much power does Hubble use let's say

417
00:16:34,860 --> 00:16:33,250
everything's cranking and you're doing

418
00:16:38,310 --> 00:16:34,870
an observation how much power does it

419
00:16:40,710 --> 00:16:38,320
use oh goodness oh this is actually an

420
00:16:43,560 --> 00:16:40,720
interesting number in dissin it's always

421
00:16:45,420 --> 00:16:43,570
amazes me when we're running up with all

422
00:16:49,800 --> 00:16:45,430
the instruments and do from observations

423
00:16:52,350 --> 00:16:49,810
will be pulling 88 on our our buses now

424
00:16:56,220 --> 00:16:52,360
hearing the day during the day the solar

425
00:16:58,320 --> 00:16:56,230
arrays give it by that be for 45 minutes

426
00:16:59,940 --> 00:16:58,330
every orbit we found like a 96 minute

427
00:17:01,800 --> 00:16:59,950
orbit half of its during the day half of

428
00:17:05,970 --> 00:17:01,810
its of the night roughly for half that

429
00:17:08,220 --> 00:17:05,980
night we pull 80 amps out of bad wait a

430
00:17:09,720 --> 00:17:08,230
minute wow that's got to be letting out

431
00:17:12,360 --> 00:17:09,730
some he too so I guess you got to

432
00:17:15,689 --> 00:17:12,370
protect from that as well right yeah

433
00:17:17,160 --> 00:17:15,699
cool okay well uh so-so Hubble's up

434
00:17:20,939 --> 00:17:17,170
there I'm like maybe this one's one for

435
00:17:24,449 --> 00:17:20,949
Scott Swain so we're up Hubble's up

436
00:17:27,419 --> 00:17:24,459
there you're doing some observations do

437
00:17:29,220 --> 00:17:27,429
the images go straight to earth or do

438
00:17:31,950 --> 00:17:29,230
they sit on Hubble for a while for a

439
00:17:35,070 --> 00:17:31,960
transmission period they actually do

440
00:17:37,350 --> 00:17:35,080
they on board for a limited time there's

441
00:17:39,870 --> 00:17:37,360
what we call buffer RAM in each of the

442
00:17:41,640 --> 00:17:39,880
instruments so when an instrument

443
00:17:44,360 --> 00:17:41,650
collects a given image it sits in its

444
00:17:47,220 --> 00:17:44,370
its own buffer ram for a period of time

445
00:17:48,450 --> 00:17:47,230
until the solid-state recorders on board

446
00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:48,460
are available

447
00:17:51,300 --> 00:17:49,690
and then we can move that data to the

448
00:17:53,280 --> 00:17:51,310
solid state quarters that we have on

449
00:17:56,460 --> 00:17:53,290
board we have two of them on board there

450
00:17:58,440 --> 00:17:56,470
are about 12 gate capacity each all is a

451
00:18:00,030 --> 00:17:58,450
solid state drives you mean yeah so

452
00:18:04,110 --> 00:18:00,040
essentially basically solid state hard

453
00:18:06,930 --> 00:18:04,120
drives and about 10 depending on how

454
00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:06,940
much data we collect in a day about 10

455
00:18:12,270 --> 00:18:09,250
to 15 times per day we'll dump those

456
00:18:13,920 --> 00:18:12,280
recorders to the ground and then get

457
00:18:16,890 --> 00:18:13,930
that data on on the ground to be

458
00:18:18,600 --> 00:18:16,900
processed so so let's talk about that

459
00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:18,610
how much data does it generally produce

460
00:18:23,820 --> 00:18:22,810
on average a day ah on average and it's

461
00:18:25,710 --> 00:18:23,830
going to depend on what observations

462
00:18:28,590 --> 00:18:25,720
you're doing and you know what

463
00:18:31,110 --> 00:18:28,600
configuration is but usually it's taking

464
00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:31,120
down about 25 gigabits a day right

465
00:18:35,070 --> 00:18:32,770
because spectrograph data that doesn't

466
00:18:36,600 --> 00:18:35,080
take up as much space to say a whip c3

467
00:18:38,550 --> 00:18:36,610
image might or something like that what

468
00:18:40,080 --> 00:18:38,560
are the okay I just this is a real nerdy

469
00:18:43,200 --> 00:18:40,090
question and most people may not know

470
00:18:46,890 --> 00:18:43,210
and but I want to know what are what is

471
00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:46,900
the bit depth on the on the hip with c3

472
00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:49,330
that is every pixel is is it a is it a

473
00:18:53,940 --> 00:18:52,090
float is it a double because every in a

474
00:18:57,090 --> 00:18:53,950
camera and a CCD just so you know there

475
00:18:59,910 --> 00:18:57,100
are raised of charges that get turned

476
00:19:03,000 --> 00:18:59,920
into a number based on the readout of

477
00:19:04,140 --> 00:19:03,010
the thing and they can be different bit

478
00:19:05,280 --> 00:19:04,150
depths those numbers actually mean

479
00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:05,290
something there are actually a

480
00:19:09,780 --> 00:19:07,690
scientific unit and I'm just curious for

481
00:19:11,130 --> 00:19:09,790
my own my own site what are though what

482
00:19:14,490 --> 00:19:11,140
is the bit depth of the whiskey three

483
00:19:17,190 --> 00:19:14,500
you know well it's a working porque

484
00:19:20,340 --> 00:19:17,200
detector I though you know 16 million

485
00:19:22,230 --> 00:19:20,350
pixels Oh exactly the depth I'm not

486
00:19:23,730 --> 00:19:22,240
exactly sure that would probably be a

487
00:19:25,920 --> 00:19:23,740
better question for one of the detector

488
00:19:27,870 --> 00:19:25,930
or scientists okay I'll ask that too i'm

489
00:19:29,430 --> 00:19:27,880
just you just popped in my head i know

490
00:19:31,410 --> 00:19:29,440
there are some cameras there doubles in

491
00:19:32,520 --> 00:19:31,420
which case there are huge images that

492
00:19:34,110 --> 00:19:32,530
come down and sometimes they're just

493
00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:34,120
regular floats I was just curious about

494
00:19:39,570 --> 00:19:36,850
that yeah so this is okay so is our

495
00:19:41,790 --> 00:19:39,580
their largest image definite okay so in

496
00:19:44,180 --> 00:19:41,800
addition Morgan to the images that Mike

497
00:19:46,380 --> 00:19:44,190
are that that Scott is dealing with or

498
00:19:47,880 --> 00:19:46,390
coordinating there's this thing Carol

499
00:19:50,940 --> 00:19:47,890
talked about with telemetry is that a

500
00:19:53,520 --> 00:19:50,950
constant stream of data or is it only

501
00:19:55,740 --> 00:19:53,530
coming with the other stuff it's only

502
00:19:57,450 --> 00:19:55,750
coming with the other stuff but as Scott

503
00:20:00,630 --> 00:19:57,460
said you have all the reporters on board

504
00:20:02,320 --> 00:20:00,640
so all the telemetry is recorded and

505
00:20:04,090 --> 00:20:02,330
then when we get data back

506
00:20:05,919 --> 00:20:04,100
if we go through a time when we don't

507
00:20:08,799 --> 00:20:05,929
have communication when we get the data

508
00:20:11,440 --> 00:20:08,809
back all of the telemetry comes down so

509
00:20:14,049 --> 00:20:11,450
by be it by the end of any given 24 hour

510
00:20:16,899 --> 00:20:14,059
period will have the telemetry for that

511
00:20:19,419 --> 00:20:16,909
whole day so you know something in real

512
00:20:22,180 --> 00:20:19,429
time will still get it you're not in

513
00:20:27,759 --> 00:20:22,190
actual constant contact then with Hubble

514
00:20:29,889 --> 00:20:27,769
right right hmm I'm close to 50 at the

515
00:20:31,269 --> 00:20:29,899
time when we can see real data versus

516
00:20:33,310 --> 00:20:31,279
the time when we're recording and then

517
00:20:35,049 --> 00:20:33,320
we'll get the data back down and you do

518
00:20:37,419 --> 00:20:35,059
this through is it through the tea dress

519
00:20:40,029 --> 00:20:37,429
system yeah exactly so let's talk about

520
00:20:42,580 --> 00:20:40,039
that a little bit I'll have I think I

521
00:20:44,470 --> 00:20:42,590
have Scott has a graphic of what the

522
00:20:45,700 --> 00:20:44,480
teacher system looks like Morgan are you

523
00:20:48,850 --> 00:20:45,710
the one to talk about that or should I

524
00:20:52,149 --> 00:20:48,860
ask Mike um I think any other scandal

525
00:20:54,610 --> 00:20:52,159
all right ok so the tea dress let's talk

526
00:20:57,430 --> 00:20:54,620
this is the main system that nASA has in

527
00:21:00,549 --> 00:20:57,440
orbit over the planet earth that is

528
00:21:02,830 --> 00:21:00,559
designed to do what so cheaters works

529
00:21:05,500 --> 00:21:02,840
not just with Hubble but with most of

530
00:21:08,019 --> 00:21:05,510
NASA satellites it tracks the satellites

531
00:21:10,149 --> 00:21:08,029
and then also relays the data from the

532
00:21:13,629 --> 00:21:10,159
satellites which may be in lower for bed

533
00:21:16,060 --> 00:21:13,639
or various orbit up to the two satellite

534
00:21:17,740 --> 00:21:16,070
and then down to the ground system so we

535
00:21:20,110 --> 00:21:17,750
don't the ground station so we don't

536
00:21:22,600 --> 00:21:20,120
need to always be within view of the

537
00:21:26,139 --> 00:21:22,610
ground station to be communicating and

538
00:21:28,210 --> 00:21:26,149
is there a primary a zero is there a

539
00:21:30,100 --> 00:21:28,220
primary station that we use for Hubble

540
00:21:33,190 --> 00:21:30,110
or is it just where ever happens to be

541
00:21:36,190 --> 00:21:33,200
in range and the as far as how Scott has

542
00:21:38,470 --> 00:21:36,200
it up now oh great as far as the

543
00:21:40,210 --> 00:21:38,480
satellites go will use whatever to frisk

544
00:21:42,220 --> 00:21:40,220
we're assigned whichever we can see and

545
00:21:45,940 --> 00:21:42,230
then the data for Hubble get sent down

546
00:21:48,399 --> 00:21:45,950
to white sands and they expert out here

547
00:21:50,259 --> 00:21:48,409
via on the ground I usually live in

548
00:21:53,980 --> 00:21:50,269
Alamogordo I didn't know that so Hubble

549
00:21:55,570 --> 00:21:53,990
data goes down to white sands and thinks

550
00:21:58,720 --> 00:21:55,580
that's got another graphic that actually

551
00:22:00,100 --> 00:21:58,730
shows on the sort of data path yeah

552
00:22:02,200 --> 00:22:00,110
there should be a data flow graphic in

553
00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:02,210
there that shows that bad okay well he's

554
00:22:11,409 --> 00:22:09,010
looking that up so the the the the

555
00:22:13,389 --> 00:22:11,419
teedra system which is not as you point

556
00:22:15,399 --> 00:22:13,399
out not necessarily just for Hubble it's

557
00:22:15,910 --> 00:22:15,409
used for lots of other I think GISS uses

558
00:22:26,140 --> 00:22:15,920
it

559
00:22:30,040 --> 00:22:26,150
so uh let's see uh who wants to talk

560
00:22:32,350 --> 00:22:30,050
about this mike is this you um yeah I is

561
00:22:34,330 --> 00:22:32,360
earline can i I mean okay this like this

562
00:22:37,650 --> 00:22:34,340
is this is a schematic showing how data

563
00:22:39,880 --> 00:22:37,660
get off of Hubble and down to Goddard

564
00:22:41,410 --> 00:22:39,890
yeah we actually have what's known as

565
00:22:43,120 --> 00:22:41,420
high gain antennas and those are little

566
00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:43,130
antennas are sticking off the sides and

567
00:22:47,230 --> 00:22:45,050
we actually have to point those at the t

568
00:22:51,010 --> 00:22:47,240
/ satellites those are Hubble earrings

569
00:22:54,100 --> 00:22:51,020
yeah yeah the periods um and so our data

570
00:22:55,750 --> 00:22:54,110
goes to Tigres it's a relay satellite

571
00:22:57,670 --> 00:22:55,760
which means it just bounces it back down

572
00:22:58,900 --> 00:22:57,680
to ground but the nice thing about the

573
00:23:00,460 --> 00:22:58,910
teacher satellites they're always

574
00:23:03,010 --> 00:23:00,470
pointed down they always go down to the

575
00:23:04,750 --> 00:23:03,020
same ground station at White Sands um so

576
00:23:07,180 --> 00:23:04,760
that's coming down you know that's ready

577
00:23:10,330 --> 00:23:07,190
munication from white sands it comes

578
00:23:12,520 --> 00:23:10,340
over here to Goddard it comes across the

579
00:23:15,250 --> 00:23:12,530
data line we actually ship it up to the

580
00:23:17,260 --> 00:23:15,260
Institute so it's actually traveled way

581
00:23:19,030 --> 00:23:17,270
down in there's actually a significant

582
00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:19,040
enough delay we actually have to account

583
00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:21,410
for the light travel time for the data

584
00:23:25,300 --> 00:23:22,850
coming down when we're looking at our

585
00:23:26,590 --> 00:23:25,310
clock signals oh I can imagine yeah

586
00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:26,600
because it's hot it's all it's high

587
00:23:31,180 --> 00:23:28,610
enough up I would imagine so what about

588
00:23:32,560 --> 00:23:31,190
that data link between New Mexico and

589
00:23:35,380 --> 00:23:32,570
Goddard is that just a regular internet

590
00:23:37,630 --> 00:23:35,390
connection or is it something else it's

591
00:23:40,450 --> 00:23:37,640
a very little high speed being with

592
00:23:42,610 --> 00:23:40,460
special i mean connected dedicated

593
00:23:46,360 --> 00:23:42,620
landline dedicated data connection

594
00:23:48,400 --> 00:23:46,370
between else in there so i think that if

595
00:23:50,190 --> 00:23:48,410
i remember right nasa is upgrading tea

596
00:23:52,810 --> 00:23:50,200
dress as well or maybe they already have

597
00:23:54,880 --> 00:23:52,820
but this is supposed to give us i think

598
00:23:57,040 --> 00:23:54,890
more coverage and more capability as

599
00:23:59,550 --> 00:23:57,050
well so how powerful are those little

600
00:24:04,780 --> 00:23:59,560
earrings there there's old dish antennas

601
00:24:06,990 --> 00:24:04,790
um um not all that powerful i don't off

602
00:24:09,070 --> 00:24:07,000
tell my head i don't remember what the

603
00:24:10,690 --> 00:24:09,080
but they don't need to be that powerful

604
00:24:12,700 --> 00:24:10,700
since the satellites not that far away

605
00:24:14,110 --> 00:24:12,710
all right thing is we have to be able to

606
00:24:16,600 --> 00:24:14,120
point out the satellites we actually

607
00:24:18,940 --> 00:24:16,610
have a only like a five-degree tolerance

608
00:24:21,070 --> 00:24:18,950
we have the chant in as pointed exactly

609
00:24:22,630 --> 00:24:21,080
where tea dresses and we gotta realize

610
00:24:25,030 --> 00:24:22,640
we're zooming around the earth at eight

611
00:24:29,020 --> 00:24:25,040
else might you know 18,000 miles an hour

612
00:24:29,560 --> 00:24:29,030
and theorists are the air geo station

613
00:24:31,390 --> 00:24:29,570
there there

614
00:24:33,100 --> 00:24:31,400
stationary so you have to be swinging

615
00:24:34,960 --> 00:24:33,110
this antenna as we're moving around to

616
00:24:37,030 --> 00:24:34,970
keep peterson subtract and that's part

617
00:24:38,410 --> 00:24:37,040
of what the qur'an board does it knows

618
00:24:39,970 --> 00:24:38,420
where teeters is it knows where the

619
00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:39,980
telescope isn't it therefore it knows

620
00:24:43,630 --> 00:24:42,080
how to move the antennas so you take

621
00:24:45,460 --> 00:24:43,640
some observations you gather some data

622
00:24:46,900 --> 00:24:45,470
you fill up the salt the solid state

623
00:24:49,570 --> 00:24:46,910
hard drives on there and then you got to

624
00:24:52,450 --> 00:24:49,580
point it over at teedra satellite to get

625
00:24:55,240 --> 00:24:52,460
it all off of there right yeah now I

626
00:24:57,010 --> 00:24:55,250
mean a lot of times when we if we can

627
00:24:58,540 --> 00:24:57,020
see it whenever we can see the teeter

628
00:25:00,850 --> 00:24:58,550
satellites will be streaming what we

629
00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:00,860
call real time to limit rate down as

630
00:25:04,750 --> 00:25:02,510
long as the teacher satellites are busy

631
00:25:06,640 --> 00:25:04,760
with someone else let us blim tree down

632
00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:06,650
don't get science data down that way all

633
00:25:11,290 --> 00:25:08,570
the science data comes down and dumps I

634
00:25:13,300 --> 00:25:11,300
mean these are people out there there's

635
00:25:15,340 --> 00:25:13,310
a whole scheduling system of the figure

636
00:25:18,430 --> 00:25:15,350
out how how and when to dump to tape

637
00:25:19,900 --> 00:25:18,440
recorders because um eight recorders are

638
00:25:21,160 --> 00:25:19,910
great because you can be dumping them at

639
00:25:22,570 --> 00:25:21,170
the same time you're filling the other

640
00:25:24,280 --> 00:25:22,580
end of them you're dumping the backside

641
00:25:26,080 --> 00:25:24,290
as you're filling the front end but you

642
00:25:29,410 --> 00:25:26,090
have to this is they don't ever over

643
00:25:32,860 --> 00:25:29,420
right so that's all taken care of by our

644
00:25:34,930 --> 00:25:32,870
ground system computers all pre-planned

645
00:25:38,230 --> 00:25:34,940
everything that happens on hubble free

646
00:25:39,850 --> 00:25:38,240
plan to the second and this is an load

647
00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:39,860
for sending up we actually send up

648
00:25:43,330 --> 00:25:41,210
here's what you're doing for the next

649
00:25:47,140 --> 00:25:43,340
eight hours every second for the next

650
00:25:49,030 --> 00:25:47,150
hours back to what I just had this image

651
00:25:52,270 --> 00:25:49,040
when you said dump have not but not very

652
00:25:57,100 --> 00:25:52,280
scientific terminology ready for the

653
00:25:59,230 --> 00:25:57,110
Hubble dump today today today I just

654
00:26:01,390 --> 00:25:59,240
thought you were talking about I am I'm

655
00:26:03,130 --> 00:26:01,400
like 12 years old I just I can actually

656
00:26:06,430 --> 00:26:03,140
a question no that was brought up last

657
00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:06,440
week in our past Hubble hang out but I

658
00:26:09,580 --> 00:26:08,210
think it really ties in with the

659
00:26:11,650 --> 00:26:09,590
gathering the data and sending it back

660
00:26:15,580 --> 00:26:11,660
is where we talked about the South

661
00:26:17,650 --> 00:26:15,590
Atlantic anomaly and how you guys work

662
00:26:19,630 --> 00:26:17,660
with that and if if if someone could

663
00:26:21,550 --> 00:26:19,640
explain what that is and then what you

664
00:26:26,260 --> 00:26:21,560
have to do to compensate for that sounds

665
00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:26,270
Atlantic anomaly okay I can take a first

666
00:26:31,810 --> 00:26:29,930
practice the South Atlantic anomaly is

667
00:26:34,330 --> 00:26:31,820
it's a region of space where there's

668
00:26:36,910 --> 00:26:34,340
actually just higher radiation than the

669
00:26:38,860 --> 00:26:36,920
normal and so we actually happened to

670
00:26:41,140 --> 00:26:38,870
travel through it orbit takes us through

671
00:26:43,180 --> 00:26:41,150
this alpha lambda novel much once in

672
00:26:44,770 --> 00:26:43,190
orbit they're actually some orbits that

673
00:26:47,670 --> 00:26:44,780
because if you look at the way the orbit

674
00:26:49,990 --> 00:26:47,680
tracks across sometimes we put out of it

675
00:26:52,120 --> 00:26:50,000
then we're inside of it we actually

676
00:26:54,520 --> 00:26:52,130
don't do any observations because um

677
00:26:57,220 --> 00:26:54,530
everyone who passes the computers will

678
00:26:59,170 --> 00:26:57,230
get what we call a zero will turn to a

679
00:27:00,670 --> 00:26:59,180
one in the mills sometimes do something

680
00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:00,680
you don't want them to be viewing so we

681
00:27:05,050 --> 00:27:03,530
tend to shut down um guiding you just

682
00:27:08,080 --> 00:27:05,060
tell the telescope wait until you're out

683
00:27:10,150 --> 00:27:08,090
of here and continue on doing what your

684
00:27:12,310 --> 00:27:10,160
observation is and so we sort of ride

685
00:27:14,500 --> 00:27:12,320
through the Southland not only we sort

686
00:27:18,190 --> 00:27:14,510
of cover our eyes and ears and go okay

687
00:27:19,540 --> 00:27:18,200
we are going for actually something we

688
00:27:23,320 --> 00:27:19,550
can actually do through this health

689
00:27:26,590 --> 00:27:23,330
clinic ok I want to I want to ask about

690
00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:26,600
pointing again the does how so you

691
00:27:29,680 --> 00:27:28,010
you're in charge of the fine guidance

692
00:27:33,970 --> 00:27:29,690
system which is responsible for keeping

693
00:27:37,120 --> 00:27:33,980
Hubble very closely uh in line with what

694
00:27:38,890 --> 00:27:37,130
it's observing well how do you move

695
00:27:41,140 --> 00:27:38,900
Hubble there are their jets on it are

696
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:41,150
there little little rockets at fire what

697
00:27:46,540 --> 00:27:43,970
what makes Hubble move you know now no

698
00:27:48,190 --> 00:27:46,550
that's actually good one because people

699
00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:48,200
don't know this thing is the size of a

700
00:27:53,050 --> 00:27:51,170
school bus and you about the weight the

701
00:27:55,210 --> 00:27:53,060
question do you move it there are no

702
00:27:57,790 --> 00:27:55,220
jets there are no gas that there's no

703
00:28:00,520 --> 00:27:57,800
propulsion system on it what we have are

704
00:28:04,770 --> 00:28:00,530
what we call reaction they're very big

705
00:28:06,640 --> 00:28:04,780
very very heavy feels that we spend and

706
00:28:08,620 --> 00:28:06,650
imagined a lot of you people have been

707
00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:08,630
at science museums where you take the

708
00:28:12,280 --> 00:28:10,850
spinning bicycle wheel and you twist it

709
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:12,290
on when you're sitting on the stool and

710
00:28:16,150 --> 00:28:14,210
it turns you well it turns out by these

711
00:28:19,120 --> 00:28:16,160
wheels that you're held at certain

712
00:28:21,220 --> 00:28:19,130
angles when we speed them up it actually

713
00:28:22,930 --> 00:28:21,230
cause it's a telescope to twist its

714
00:28:25,330 --> 00:28:22,940
conservation of angular momentum for you

715
00:28:27,550 --> 00:28:25,340
physics spoke about um and so we

716
00:28:30,850 --> 00:28:27,560
actually move the telescope I spitting

717
00:28:33,130 --> 00:28:30,860
up wheels and it it's a slow way to do

718
00:28:35,380 --> 00:28:33,140
it in fact Hubble takes a long time to

719
00:28:36,970 --> 00:28:35,390
move and the fastest trouble really

720
00:28:41,080 --> 00:28:36,980
moves from one point the sky to the

721
00:28:43,390 --> 00:28:41,090
other is about the scenes on a clock as

722
00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:43,400
is the what on a clock you word and you

723
00:28:48,520 --> 00:28:46,370
committed the minute he no okay the

724
00:28:51,610 --> 00:28:48,530
clock and so for us to do a 90 degrees

725
00:28:53,380 --> 00:28:51,620
flew it takes us about 15 minutes but we

726
00:28:56,560 --> 00:28:53,390
do it like speak about turning up these

727
00:28:58,090 --> 00:28:56,570
needs so we actually we just need

728
00:29:00,100 --> 00:28:58,100
he ducked wheels in either one direction

729
00:29:02,350 --> 00:29:00,110
or the other direction they work the

730
00:29:04,330 --> 00:29:02,360
telescope do it and so we can do that as

731
00:29:06,190 --> 00:29:04,340
long as we have power will never run out

732
00:29:09,009 --> 00:29:06,200
of capability to what speeds them up

733
00:29:10,269 --> 00:29:09,019
electric motors or what yeah yeah yeah

734
00:29:13,060 --> 00:29:10,279
we're actually pulling power off the

735
00:29:14,799 --> 00:29:13,070
batteries and its motor the computer on

736
00:29:16,870 --> 00:29:14,809
board that says I need to move it this

737
00:29:18,159 --> 00:29:16,880
direction so I need to spend up you know

738
00:29:20,830 --> 00:29:18,169
there's three wheels that are spaced

739
00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:20,840
different angles so it knows and one up

740
00:29:25,299 --> 00:29:22,850
this much to up this much up that much

741
00:29:28,029 --> 00:29:25,309
now move the telescope and then it spins

742
00:29:29,230 --> 00:29:28,039
it down to stop up is there any mo is

743
00:29:30,430 --> 00:29:29,240
there any redundancy built in that

744
00:29:32,049 --> 00:29:30,440
system are there more than are there any

745
00:29:35,049 --> 00:29:32,059
backup momentum wheels or anything like

746
00:29:37,119 --> 00:29:35,059
that but we actually have developed ways

747
00:29:39,669 --> 00:29:37,129
we can run with two reaction wheels and

748
00:29:41,860 --> 00:29:39,679
we can actually do it with one you have

749
00:29:44,139 --> 00:29:41,870
to only point certain directions he

750
00:29:46,210 --> 00:29:44,149
takes a long time to get from one point

751
00:29:48,659 --> 00:29:46,220
to the other we only have one reaction

752
00:29:52,149 --> 00:29:48,669
wheel but we've actually developed

753
00:29:54,610 --> 00:29:52,159
suburban modes where we can operate with

754
00:29:57,249 --> 00:29:54,620
or less than three meals because they

755
00:29:59,139 --> 00:29:57,259
aren't redundant okay yeah and Andy are

756
00:30:00,310 --> 00:29:59,149
you hardcore space fans who followed me

757
00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:00,320
for any length of time you will remember

758
00:30:04,779 --> 00:30:01,490
the first time we learned about momentum

759
00:30:06,700 --> 00:30:04,789
wheels was with Kepler when it had a

760
00:30:09,310 --> 00:30:06,710
problem with it and it can no longer

761
00:30:11,680 --> 00:30:09,320
complete its mission as person could no

762
00:30:13,710 --> 00:30:11,690
longer point as precisely as it was

763
00:30:15,639 --> 00:30:13,720
originally designed so they were

764
00:30:17,049 --> 00:30:15,649
repurposing and I I wonder what ever

765
00:30:18,940 --> 00:30:17,059
happened to that I should follow up on

766
00:30:20,110 --> 00:30:18,950
that anyway so that's what we first

767
00:30:23,049 --> 00:30:20,120
learned about him Hubble has them to a

768
00:30:25,470 --> 00:30:23,059
lot it's very common thing Morgan I want

769
00:30:28,269 --> 00:30:25,480
to get to you about commanding Hubble um

770
00:30:31,269 --> 00:30:28,279
how do you do it how do you tell Hubble

771
00:30:32,740 --> 00:30:31,279
what to do give us a real nerdy view of

772
00:30:35,610 --> 00:30:32,750
that what's a tough what's it look like

773
00:30:40,629 --> 00:30:35,620
it's what authority she commands

774
00:30:43,149 --> 00:30:40,639
absolute I command thee we really have

775
00:30:46,450 --> 00:30:43,159
two different ways to command right so

776
00:30:48,850 --> 00:30:46,460
the normal everyday way once a week this

777
00:30:51,129 --> 00:30:48,860
telescope science institute scientists

778
00:30:54,190 --> 00:30:51,139
put together and their schedule what we

779
00:30:55,810 --> 00:30:54,200
want to point out how we're taking what

780
00:30:57,999 --> 00:30:55,820
instruments are going to use and they

781
00:31:01,269 --> 00:30:58,009
deliver to us I'm usually on Thursday

782
00:31:03,159 --> 00:31:01,279
the week before on the SMS the service

783
00:31:06,460 --> 00:31:03,169
English or the science Mission schedule

784
00:31:08,950 --> 00:31:06,470
and that gets loaded onto the computers

785
00:31:10,140 --> 00:31:08,960
here and there's sort of two parts to it

786
00:31:12,909 --> 00:31:10,150
one that can

787
00:31:14,830 --> 00:31:12,919
the computer that Scott had in the

788
00:31:17,890 --> 00:31:14,840
science computer and then the other that

789
00:31:22,060 --> 00:31:17,900
controls the 46 telescope computer and

790
00:31:25,299 --> 00:31:22,070
so you say 486 sorry what was that did

791
00:31:29,530 --> 00:31:25,309
you say 486 yes it's a known as a

792
00:31:31,870 --> 00:31:29,540
Pentium what that's our upgrade yeah it

793
00:31:33,909 --> 00:31:31,880
was great there's a 486 running the

794
00:31:36,820 --> 00:31:33,919
Hubble Space Telescope reusing those are

795
00:31:43,510 --> 00:31:36,830
the fancy computer thing is there an AOL

796
00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:43,520
disk in there put it in oh that's that's

797
00:31:47,710 --> 00:31:45,410
brilliant i love it okay good that's the

798
00:31:51,100 --> 00:31:47,720
upgrade if i was in there before 286 it

799
00:31:54,610 --> 00:31:51,110
was a two- computer before it was yeah

800
00:31:58,630 --> 00:31:54,620
yeah now to be fair folks Hubble's been

801
00:32:00,909 --> 00:31:58,640
up there for 25 years ne5 me really all

802
00:32:02,830 --> 00:32:00,919
right so 486 is in charge of Hubble okay

803
00:32:04,600 --> 00:32:02,840
all right so throughout throughout the

804
00:32:07,560 --> 00:32:04,610
day automatically these commands are

805
00:32:09,970 --> 00:32:07,570
sent up in the normal course of things

806
00:32:11,740 --> 00:32:09,980
and then if we have to do any real time

807
00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:11,750
commanding either because there's a

808
00:32:17,020 --> 00:32:14,090
problem or because we need to change

809
00:32:18,640 --> 00:32:17,030
configuration or do something up all

810
00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:18,650
sorts of different reasons but we can

811
00:32:23,380 --> 00:32:21,410
also do real-time commanding I'm the

812
00:32:26,169 --> 00:32:23,390
computers in this room in the room next

813
00:32:27,880 --> 00:32:26,179
door and that's literally with one of

814
00:32:31,480 --> 00:32:27,890
the flight ops team sitting down at the

815
00:32:33,880 --> 00:32:31,490
computers behind behind us behind me and

816
00:32:35,980 --> 00:32:33,890
sending the commands straight up to the

817
00:32:38,440 --> 00:32:35,990
telescope okay but what are they typing

818
00:32:41,049 --> 00:32:38,450
are they typing go to m31 are they

819
00:32:44,409 --> 00:32:41,059
typing in some Python code what are they

820
00:32:45,970 --> 00:32:44,419
typing at I'm CCL is the language that

821
00:32:47,980 --> 00:32:45,980
we wrote right missed the real-time

822
00:32:51,370 --> 00:32:47,990
commanding in it's always a special

823
00:32:53,320 --> 00:32:51,380
language then yes commander control

824
00:32:55,450 --> 00:32:53,330
language i think is what's AC L stands

825
00:32:58,870 --> 00:32:55,460
for although I'm not president it make

826
00:33:01,750 --> 00:32:58,880
sense to me is called CCS or there come

827
00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:01,760
in control center system the specific

828
00:33:07,750 --> 00:33:05,210
language is is it's actually it's based

829
00:33:10,539 --> 00:33:07,760
off of TCL which is a standard like Rob

830
00:33:12,610 --> 00:33:10,549
what's good yeah I'd love to get into

831
00:33:13,539 --> 00:33:12,620
what a real-time operating system is but

832
00:33:15,430 --> 00:33:13,549
I don't think we'll have time for that

833
00:33:16,900 --> 00:33:15,440
right this particular time but so yeah

834
00:33:19,299 --> 00:33:16,910
so you're sending in a special commands

835
00:33:22,360 --> 00:33:19,309
and it's just a list it's at is it a

836
00:33:22,799 --> 00:33:22,370
text file do you encrypt it all or you

837
00:33:25,470 --> 00:33:22,809
know

838
00:33:27,570 --> 00:33:25,480
gonna be hacked okay well it's all very

839
00:33:29,100 --> 00:33:27,580
very controlled as you can imagine right

840
00:33:32,100 --> 00:33:29,110
everything that we send off has been

841
00:33:34,110 --> 00:33:32,110
tested many many times um so there's

842
00:33:37,710 --> 00:33:34,120
basically they're just mini scripts many

843
00:33:41,190 --> 00:33:37,720
programs and so the flight up the like

844
00:33:43,529 --> 00:33:41,200
controllers will end you know I'll beat

845
00:33:45,269 --> 00:33:43,539
up to or whatever to transition that's

846
00:33:47,039 --> 00:33:45,279
one of our commands to transition one of

847
00:33:48,899 --> 00:33:47,049
the instruments for example and that

848
00:33:51,629 --> 00:33:48,909
will go through the sequence of commands

849
00:33:55,350 --> 00:33:51,639
to reconfigure whatever you want to be

850
00:33:58,649 --> 00:33:55,360
doing at the time okay how many people

851
00:33:59,999 --> 00:33:58,659
at a time are actually in that control

852
00:34:01,529 --> 00:34:00,009
Mike over there are next door how many

853
00:34:07,230 --> 00:34:01,539
people are in there usually right now

854
00:34:09,780 --> 00:34:07,240
zero I think oh that's not good nobody's

855
00:34:13,710 --> 00:34:09,790
driving Hubble and a few years ago we

856
00:34:15,899 --> 00:34:13,720
switched from 24-7 staffing um for most

857
00:34:19,490 --> 00:34:15,909
the Hubble's history we've been staffed

858
00:34:21,510 --> 00:34:19,500
in there with about five people 24 7 365

859
00:34:23,730 --> 00:34:21,520
but a few years ago we switched to

860
00:34:25,770 --> 00:34:23,740
automated operations so now we actually

861
00:34:28,500 --> 00:34:25,780
have a computer in their sending up the

862
00:34:30,569 --> 00:34:28,510
routine commands and monitoring all the

863
00:34:32,760 --> 00:34:30,579
telemetry and it's tied into an

864
00:34:35,190 --> 00:34:32,770
automated system that will alert us if

865
00:34:36,809 --> 00:34:35,200
anything goes wrong so if we all have

866
00:34:39,419 --> 00:34:36,819
our iphones and we'll all get a text

867
00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:39,429
message if there's a problem the flight

868
00:34:44,040 --> 00:34:41,530
operations team does go in there once a

869
00:34:46,500 --> 00:34:44,050
day to do some maintenance obviously we

870
00:34:48,419 --> 00:34:46,510
check up on things all the time but for

871
00:34:49,919 --> 00:34:48,429
the most part it's automated at this

872
00:34:52,440 --> 00:34:49,929
auto mode okay i want to get back to

873
00:34:53,819 --> 00:34:52,450
getting when the things go wrong in just

874
00:34:56,040 --> 00:34:53,829
a minute but let me ask scott a question

875
00:35:00,000 --> 00:34:56,050
here on the scientific instrumentation

876
00:35:02,430 --> 00:35:00,010
which of the science instruments on on

877
00:35:03,780 --> 00:35:02,440
hubble are the most used and which are

878
00:35:06,120 --> 00:35:03,790
the most complicated for you to have to

879
00:35:07,680 --> 00:35:06,130
deal with in other words which ones do

880
00:35:09,150 --> 00:35:07,690
any of them keep you up at night as far

881
00:35:12,930 --> 00:35:09,160
as oh my god I hope this thing you know

882
00:35:15,059 --> 00:35:12,940
doesn't break down or any of that pretty

883
00:35:17,040 --> 00:35:15,069
much my job is all of them if any of

884
00:35:19,470 --> 00:35:17,050
them down it's going to keep me up at

885
00:35:21,829 --> 00:35:19,480
night they break it's three o'clock in

886
00:35:26,520 --> 00:35:21,839
the morning always and on Friday too

887
00:35:28,140 --> 00:35:26,530
well sometimes yeah yeah Christmas was

888
00:35:32,250 --> 00:35:28,150
was particularly exciting a couple years

889
00:35:34,800 --> 00:35:32,260
ago but now all are pretty well behaved

890
00:35:36,780 --> 00:35:34,810
at this point um it's funny we

891
00:35:38,700 --> 00:35:36,790
definitely attribute

892
00:35:40,980 --> 00:35:38,710
personnel at hubbell and each of the

893
00:35:44,010 --> 00:35:40,990
instruments and we kind of joked that it

894
00:35:47,610 --> 00:35:44,020
knows when holidays and and in certain

895
00:35:51,300 --> 00:35:47,620
mountains are so it knows when to hit us

896
00:35:53,130 --> 00:35:51,310
but um the probably the moon the one

897
00:35:55,710 --> 00:35:53,140
would give me the most consternation

898
00:35:58,230 --> 00:35:55,720
right now be wide field camera 3 just

899
00:36:00,420 --> 00:35:58,240
because it's the most used of the

900
00:36:02,430 --> 00:36:00,430
instruments on board that imagine

901
00:36:03,840 --> 00:36:02,440
accounts for will be fifty to sixty

902
00:36:06,120 --> 00:36:03,850
percent of the observations that we do

903
00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:06,130
right that's the infrared camera that

904
00:36:11,790 --> 00:36:08,770
takes on by the way Tony and everyone

905
00:36:15,180 --> 00:36:11,800
its 16-bit data and each pixel can

906
00:36:17,700 --> 00:36:15,190
accommodate 78,000 electrons when it's

907
00:36:19,950 --> 00:36:17,710
saturated awesome thank you that's a

908
00:36:21,420 --> 00:36:19,960
real I'm sorry that's just nerdy i love

909
00:36:24,480 --> 00:36:21,430
that stuff that's what i like to hear

910
00:36:28,520 --> 00:36:24,490
16-bit numbers okay good well there's

911
00:36:30,930 --> 00:36:28,530
the bit depth of the whiff c3 okay so

912
00:36:32,910 --> 00:36:30,940
you're everything's automated hopefully

913
00:36:34,080 --> 00:36:32,920
you've got a true computer in the in

914
00:36:35,420 --> 00:36:34,090
that other room over there that's a

915
00:36:39,110 --> 00:36:35,430
little more powerful than a 486

916
00:36:42,540 --> 00:36:39,120
controlling it will you said earlier

917
00:36:44,850 --> 00:36:42,550
morgan that you guys get text messages

918
00:36:47,190 --> 00:36:44,860
when something goes wrong right that's

919
00:36:49,470 --> 00:36:47,200
that's your alert what what safeguards

920
00:36:51,930 --> 00:36:49,480
are in place and what do you guys do

921
00:36:53,550 --> 00:36:51,940
when something goes wrong with Hubble it

922
00:36:55,530 --> 00:36:53,560
goes wrong ok so we've literally

923
00:36:57,600 --> 00:36:55,540
thousands of telemetry points that are

924
00:37:00,270 --> 00:36:57,610
being monitored by the automated

925
00:37:02,070 --> 00:37:00,280
computer and when it detects something

926
00:37:04,100 --> 00:37:02,080
out of limits which is just however we

927
00:37:06,630 --> 00:37:04,110
defined it you know if a power gets

928
00:37:09,750 --> 00:37:06,640
drawing too much power or gets too hot

929
00:37:11,910 --> 00:37:09,760
or whatever on the computer sends out

930
00:37:13,830 --> 00:37:11,920
really literally a text message to our

931
00:37:16,710 --> 00:37:13,840
iphones at three in the morning or

932
00:37:19,380 --> 00:37:16,720
whatever and that's when me is the

933
00:37:21,870 --> 00:37:19,390
anomaly response manager will start to

934
00:37:24,450 --> 00:37:21,880
touch base with all the subsystems and

935
00:37:25,890 --> 00:37:24,460
make sure everything everyone not

936
00:37:28,290 --> 00:37:25,900
obviously everything isn't fine but make

937
00:37:30,900 --> 00:37:28,300
sure that the subsystems are all expect

938
00:37:32,760 --> 00:37:30,910
in their expected state and meanwhile

939
00:37:35,460 --> 00:37:32,770
scott and mike and all the other sub

940
00:37:37,110 --> 00:37:35,470
system engineers start looking at their

941
00:37:38,580 --> 00:37:37,120
telemetry like I said sometimes we have

942
00:37:41,130 --> 00:37:38,590
real telemetry real-time telemetry

943
00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:41,140
hopefully we do if not we'll wait till

944
00:37:47,460 --> 00:37:44,410
we get it and evaluate what the real

945
00:37:50,170 --> 00:37:47,470
problem is and so there's two kind of

946
00:37:52,150 --> 00:37:50,180
anomaly responses the first is immediate

947
00:37:55,240 --> 00:37:52,160
and that's going to be sometimes taken

948
00:37:57,610 --> 00:37:55,250
autonomously by the telescope element x

949
00:38:00,190 --> 00:37:57,620
by very quick ground commanding to put

950
00:38:02,440 --> 00:38:00,200
us to a safe skates if you had a problem

951
00:38:05,080 --> 00:38:02,450
we're not sure what's going on we can

952
00:38:07,570 --> 00:38:05,090
just turn off some of the detectors if

953
00:38:10,960 --> 00:38:07,580
it's a very serious issue we can even

954
00:38:13,600 --> 00:38:10,970
close the telescope's aperture door load

955
00:38:15,850 --> 00:38:13,610
shed power if we need to just depending

956
00:38:17,950 --> 00:38:15,860
on exactly what the anomaly was so we

957
00:38:19,840 --> 00:38:17,960
have an initial response to safe the

958
00:38:21,580 --> 00:38:19,850
telescope that's our primary goal at

959
00:38:23,560 --> 00:38:21,590
that moment make sure everything's safe

960
00:38:25,720 --> 00:38:23,570
no more damage is going to get done and

961
00:38:28,330 --> 00:38:25,730
then we can actually start trying to

962
00:38:30,070 --> 00:38:28,340
figure out what happened and if it's

963
00:38:31,840 --> 00:38:30,080
something that we can easily recover

964
00:38:34,990 --> 00:38:31,850
from or if it's something that we need

965
00:38:37,740 --> 00:38:35,000
to figure out how to rig a telescope or

966
00:38:40,330 --> 00:38:37,750
maybe even a new plate software or new

967
00:38:42,700 --> 00:38:40,340
switch to a redundant side or something

968
00:38:44,890 --> 00:38:42,710
like that and that response is going to

969
00:38:47,110 --> 00:38:44,900
happen over the course of weeks rather

970
00:38:48,160 --> 00:38:47,120
than an immediate response you're really

971
00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:48,170
going to take your time and figure it

972
00:38:50,890 --> 00:38:49,490
out and just make sure that you

973
00:38:53,050 --> 00:38:50,900
understand the problem well that's good

974
00:38:54,390 --> 00:38:53,060
okay so this safe mode that you're

975
00:38:56,500 --> 00:38:54,400
talking about this is just a

976
00:38:59,080 --> 00:38:56,510
configuration that you put the telescope

977
00:39:01,030 --> 00:38:59,090
in that is not pointing at the Sun not

978
00:39:02,440 --> 00:39:01,040
pointing anything bad it's you know

979
00:39:05,410 --> 00:39:02,450
you've just got to calm down a little

980
00:39:07,450 --> 00:39:05,420
bit the instruments are are waiting you

981
00:39:12,370 --> 00:39:07,460
to figure it out do you ever have to

982
00:39:13,780 --> 00:39:12,380
reboot Hubble and in in a sense one of

983
00:39:16,180 --> 00:39:13,790
the science instruments the science

984
00:39:20,470 --> 00:39:16,190
computer actually sometimes gets hung up

985
00:39:26,740 --> 00:39:20,480
just locks up I I knew Scott did you do

986
00:39:28,450 --> 00:39:26,750
that yeah Paul actually we had one of

987
00:39:31,120 --> 00:39:28,460
those recently just become the the 20th

988
00:39:32,410 --> 00:39:31,130
of October work essentially the computer

989
00:39:35,080 --> 00:39:32,420
just essentially stops responding

990
00:39:36,640 --> 00:39:35,090
commands and stop sending telemetry the

991
00:39:39,580 --> 00:39:36,650
first time it happened on orbit was

992
00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:39,590
really pretty scary since we didn't know

993
00:39:42,280 --> 00:39:40,970
exactly what state the science

994
00:39:43,810 --> 00:39:42,290
instruments were in we couldn't get any

995
00:39:46,600 --> 00:39:43,820
information about them out of the

996
00:39:48,820 --> 00:39:46,610
telescope but eventually we figured out

997
00:39:51,130 --> 00:39:48,830
kind of what was going on and understood

998
00:39:53,590 --> 00:39:51,140
that the instruments were taking some

999
00:39:55,110 --> 00:39:53,600
action to protect themselves if it's

1000
00:39:58,120 --> 00:39:55,120
elves in a safe state when they lost

1001
00:40:00,130 --> 00:39:58,130
contact with the computer but there for

1002
00:40:02,089 --> 00:40:00,140
a while it was it was not a comfortable

1003
00:40:03,799 --> 00:40:02,099
situation to be in so

1004
00:40:05,359 --> 00:40:03,809
I heard a rumor I heard someone a

1005
00:40:07,430 --> 00:40:05,369
comment somewhere I don't remember where

1006
00:40:09,109 --> 00:40:07,440
and this is for any three of you if you

1007
00:40:12,410 --> 00:40:09,119
want to comment on it the door out front

1008
00:40:14,599 --> 00:40:12,420
Oh is always open you really are sort of

1009
00:40:16,519 --> 00:40:14,609
loath to close it I think of it for fear

1010
00:40:17,749 --> 00:40:16,529
that it won't reopen again is that I

1011
00:40:22,219 --> 00:40:17,759
hear that right or is that just

1012
00:40:23,660 --> 00:40:22,229
something yeah yeah no and you're

1013
00:40:25,519 --> 00:40:23,670
exactly right the reason we leave it

1014
00:40:26,870 --> 00:40:25,529
open is you know if you ever close it

1015
00:40:28,460 --> 00:40:26,880
chances are you know what if you can't

1016
00:40:31,130 --> 00:40:28,470
open it and boy you close that and

1017
00:40:34,759 --> 00:40:31,140
Hubble will not work there's nothing is

1018
00:40:37,069 --> 00:40:34,769
going to go that way in oh we don't ever

1019
00:40:38,569 --> 00:40:37,079
really we don't ever close it the only

1020
00:40:41,390 --> 00:40:38,579
thing that can close it is if the

1021
00:40:43,940 --> 00:40:41,400
computer on board says something's wrong

1022
00:40:46,249 --> 00:40:43,950
I don't know where the telescope is

1023
00:40:48,469 --> 00:40:46,259
pointed or I can't control the telescope

1024
00:40:50,690 --> 00:40:48,479
then it will close it there is actually

1025
00:40:52,219 --> 00:40:50,700
a eponymous closing me it's very rare I

1026
00:40:54,140 --> 00:40:52,229
mean we've done it during the servicing

1027
00:40:56,779 --> 00:40:54,150
mission we've a commanded it closed um

1028
00:40:58,849 --> 00:40:56,789
but but typically um you know we don't

1029
00:41:00,319 --> 00:40:58,859
want to do that I'm even though there's

1030
00:41:02,989 --> 00:41:00,329
redundancy there's there's multiple

1031
00:41:04,579 --> 00:41:02,999
motors up there to open it up but it's

1032
00:41:06,769 --> 00:41:04,589
really the only person really closes the

1033
00:41:08,509 --> 00:41:06,779
door the computer goes into one of these

1034
00:41:10,160 --> 00:41:08,519
say folks or certain levels of state

1035
00:41:12,019 --> 00:41:10,170
mode what own is the computer says I

1036
00:41:14,450 --> 00:41:12,029
know what I'm doing i know where i am

1037
00:41:17,239 --> 00:41:14,460
and i can control the telescope but if

1038
00:41:19,519 --> 00:41:17,249
when we lose a gyro or if we lose one of

1039
00:41:21,049 --> 00:41:19,529
the reaction wheels it's locked control

1040
00:41:23,959 --> 00:41:21,059
of the telescope it says i don't have

1041
00:41:25,670 --> 00:41:23,969
the control i need i can't point it so

1042
00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:25,680
i'm going to close the door just make

1043
00:41:29,779 --> 00:41:27,930
sure because we can't ever get bumped

1044
00:41:31,279 --> 00:41:29,789
down in here um if the Sun ever does

1045
00:41:34,039 --> 00:41:31,289
shine down in here really bad things

1046
00:41:36,019 --> 00:41:34,049
happen right and closing the door is a

1047
00:41:37,069 --> 00:41:36,029
really good way to break the whole thing

1048
00:41:38,719 --> 00:41:37,079
even though everything it could be

1049
00:41:39,739 --> 00:41:38,729
working perfectly but if no light gets

1050
00:41:43,279 --> 00:41:39,749
to the primary and then you've got

1051
00:41:45,709 --> 00:41:43,289
nothing so yeah I can understand that so

1052
00:41:48,910 --> 00:41:45,719
I want to address the gyros for a minute

1053
00:41:52,640 --> 00:41:48,920
a really huge important part of Hubble

1054
00:41:55,039 --> 00:41:52,650
what do they do and they were recently

1055
00:41:58,099 --> 00:41:55,049
replaced in service mission for it

1056
00:42:00,259 --> 00:41:58,109
basically gave Hubble new life basically

1057
00:42:01,700 --> 00:42:00,269
it's like the the heart of the Hubble

1058
00:42:05,559 --> 00:42:01,710
Space Telescope isn't it who wants to

1059
00:42:08,450 --> 00:42:05,569
tell us about those the gyros well I'll

1060
00:42:10,099 --> 00:42:08,460
try Mike okay go ahead yeah we'll see

1061
00:42:12,739 --> 00:42:10,109
what they are how important they are on

1062
00:42:14,690 --> 00:42:12,749
what they do well the gyroscope are what

1063
00:42:16,000 --> 00:42:14,700
you think of as a gyroscope it's they

1064
00:42:17,920 --> 00:42:16,010
aren't very go there

1065
00:42:19,480 --> 00:42:17,930
larger they have a very good spinning

1066
00:42:21,540 --> 00:42:19,490
wheel inside of own and essentially

1067
00:42:24,670 --> 00:42:21,550
they're very sensitive to motion

1068
00:42:27,970 --> 00:42:24,680
gyroscopes tell us how to telescope is

1069
00:42:30,190 --> 00:42:27,980
moving on and so we have six gyroscopes

1070
00:42:31,870 --> 00:42:30,200
on board we've actually been replaced it

1071
00:42:33,790 --> 00:42:31,880
pretty much every servicing mission we

1072
00:42:36,370 --> 00:42:33,800
try to replace as many as we can on

1073
00:42:38,290 --> 00:42:36,380
these are actually mechanical gyroscopes

1074
00:42:40,390 --> 00:42:38,300
there's a spinning gyroscope that's

1075
00:42:42,970 --> 00:42:40,400
spinning it at very high revolutions I'm

1076
00:42:44,620 --> 00:42:42,980
very extremely precise of these were

1077
00:42:47,020 --> 00:42:44,630
probably some of the most the mole

1078
00:42:50,740 --> 00:42:47,030
precise mechanical gyroscopes ever made

1079
00:42:52,300 --> 00:42:50,750
um in fact we will be tardy they don't

1080
00:42:53,860 --> 00:42:52,310
make them mechanically this more and

1081
00:42:56,740 --> 00:42:53,870
more they've gone to optical and laser

1082
00:42:58,090 --> 00:42:56,750
gyroscopes but what they do is they

1083
00:42:59,800 --> 00:42:58,100
allowed a telescope know where it's

1084
00:43:02,260 --> 00:42:59,810
plumb gyroscopes when the telescope's

1085
00:43:04,480 --> 00:43:02,270
moving gyroscope is eating a signal

1086
00:43:06,580 --> 00:43:04,490
saying remove this direction at this

1087
00:43:08,110 --> 00:43:06,590
rate so we've got six of them that

1088
00:43:09,810 --> 00:43:08,120
they're also their their axes are

1089
00:43:12,340 --> 00:43:09,820
pointed at different locations so they

1090
00:43:14,140 --> 00:43:12,350
computer know-how to telescopes moving

1091
00:43:15,880 --> 00:43:14,150
as when the computer is moving it's a I

1092
00:43:17,620 --> 00:43:15,890
need to move with the telescope 90

1093
00:43:19,810 --> 00:43:17,630
degrees this way how does it know what

1094
00:43:22,300 --> 00:43:19,820
90 degrees that way it looks at the

1095
00:43:25,570 --> 00:43:22,310
gyros but the gyros aren't the first way

1096
00:43:28,720 --> 00:43:25,580
we point telescope the information from

1097
00:43:32,380 --> 00:43:28,730
the gyros now arrows are extremely

1098
00:43:33,760 --> 00:43:32,390
accurate over small distances they can

1099
00:43:35,380 --> 00:43:33,770
actually hold the telescope they are

1100
00:43:37,480 --> 00:43:35,390
actually primary will help the whole

1101
00:43:40,030 --> 00:43:37,490
telescope but if you did a big slew

1102
00:43:41,710 --> 00:43:40,040
build up this little bit of error in and

1103
00:43:44,530 --> 00:43:41,720
builds up and so we have all these other

1104
00:43:47,560 --> 00:43:44,540
instruments that allow us to bind to the

1105
00:43:49,690 --> 00:43:47,570
pointing afterwards um but jaros without

1106
00:43:53,320 --> 00:43:49,700
gyros you can't point the telescope oh

1107
00:43:56,880 --> 00:43:53,330
now we have six of them had various lots

1108
00:43:59,860 --> 00:43:56,890
of them Gail on different years um

1109
00:44:01,750 --> 00:43:59,870
actually science and for many many years

1110
00:44:03,340 --> 00:44:01,760
we actually did science on two of them

1111
00:44:04,990 --> 00:44:03,350
and we actually have what's known to

1112
00:44:08,620 --> 00:44:05,000
gyro and we actually figured out a way

1113
00:44:11,080 --> 00:44:08,630
we only need one gyro good it's because

1114
00:44:13,210 --> 00:44:11,090
of these other instruments one gyro if

1115
00:44:15,670 --> 00:44:13,220
you can get yourself onto the fine

1116
00:44:18,610 --> 00:44:15,680
guidance sensors you can do science and

1117
00:44:20,230 --> 00:44:18,620
we need one gyro to get there it takes a

1118
00:44:22,990 --> 00:44:20,240
little bit longer sometimes but only

1119
00:44:24,340 --> 00:44:23,000
need one to actually do science and so

1120
00:44:26,080 --> 00:44:24,350
that that's why we're thinking we're

1121
00:44:27,970 --> 00:44:26,090
pretty good off still I think it's a

1122
00:44:29,170 --> 00:44:27,980
good point to put up that pickle diagram

1123
00:44:31,930 --> 00:44:29,180
you were talking about can you

1124
00:44:34,809 --> 00:44:31,940
can you put that up for Scott when you

1125
00:44:36,400 --> 00:44:34,819
get chance this is a picture Oh pickle

1126
00:44:37,870 --> 00:44:36,410
by the way something completely

1127
00:44:39,849 --> 00:44:37,880
different now you're thinking obvious

1128
00:44:41,950 --> 00:44:39,859
call pickle no hubble hubble needs

1129
00:44:45,930 --> 00:44:41,960
pickles I mean as you know what are they

1130
00:44:49,660 --> 00:44:45,940
sweet you know are they ill I've got her

1131
00:44:51,970 --> 00:44:49,670
here we go so this is an image of the

1132
00:44:52,780 --> 00:44:51,980
well i'll let you describe it Bob Mike

1133
00:44:55,089 --> 00:44:52,790
why don't you tell us what we're looking

1134
00:44:57,010 --> 00:44:55,099
at okay this is for like if you were in

1135
00:45:00,250 --> 00:44:57,020
the back end of Hubble sort of looking

1136
00:45:02,319 --> 00:45:00,260
out this is how Hubble sees the sky what

1137
00:45:03,760 --> 00:45:02,329
what you sort of see you know you see a

1138
00:45:05,859 --> 00:45:03,770
stars in the background there there's

1139
00:45:08,440 --> 00:45:05,869
active galaxies in the middle um and you

1140
00:45:10,690 --> 00:45:08,450
see outlines of the big outline is the

1141
00:45:13,420 --> 00:45:10,700
telescope that's the higher area of sky

1142
00:45:15,490 --> 00:45:13,430
the telescope could ever see the little

1143
00:45:17,230 --> 00:45:15,500
thing directly in the center that's sort

1144
00:45:19,780 --> 00:45:17,240
of what the wide field camera is see on

1145
00:45:21,339 --> 00:45:19,790
the other little circles to decide those

1146
00:45:23,290 --> 00:45:21,349
are the other instruments those are part

1147
00:45:25,660 --> 00:45:23,300
of the sky that they can see those big

1148
00:45:28,359 --> 00:45:25,670
parks on the edge those are what we call

1149
00:45:31,540 --> 00:45:28,369
the pickles because it looked like bent

1150
00:45:33,280 --> 00:45:31,550
pickles um know about that my guess

1151
00:45:36,549 --> 00:45:33,290
that's pretty fast pretty big stretch

1152
00:45:37,780 --> 00:45:36,559
but go ahead I think it was created by

1153
00:45:39,760 --> 00:45:37,790
some software engineers who were

1154
00:45:43,030 --> 00:45:39,770
defining the name well that explains it

1155
00:45:46,900 --> 00:45:43,040
that explains it ok that's the software

1156
00:45:49,690 --> 00:45:46,910
engineer yeah you don't want to trust us

1157
00:45:51,730 --> 00:45:49,700
as far as you can throw us know so

1158
00:45:53,589 --> 00:45:51,740
that's what fine guidance sensors can

1159
00:45:55,569 --> 00:45:53,599
see so each one of those a ones fine

1160
00:45:57,940 --> 00:45:55,579
guidance sensor one one's a fine

1161
00:45:59,500 --> 00:45:57,950
guidance sensor to do 13 and you notice

1162
00:46:01,690 --> 00:45:59,510
that there start there would be sparse

1163
00:46:03,910 --> 00:46:01,700
sitting there into what we do is we

1164
00:46:06,250 --> 00:46:03,920
actually these fine guidance sensors go

1165
00:46:08,079 --> 00:46:06,260
out they can move anywhere they're kind

1166
00:46:10,569 --> 00:46:08,089
of weird instruments we can move

1167
00:46:12,460 --> 00:46:10,579
anywhere around in that little arc where

1168
00:46:14,020 --> 00:46:12,470
that big in that pickle and much of you

1169
00:46:15,760 --> 00:46:14,030
don't want me to say to turn anywhere in

1170
00:46:18,099 --> 00:46:15,770
that pickle we can actually go and find

1171
00:46:22,210 --> 00:46:18,109
a star there and call what we say we

1172
00:46:24,789 --> 00:46:22,220
lock onto it so like in his image if you

1173
00:46:27,039 --> 00:46:24,799
wanted to observe that galaxies pick one

1174
00:46:28,660 --> 00:46:27,049
of the stars the pickle on the right and

1175
00:46:30,609 --> 00:46:28,670
one of the stars in the pickle on left

1176
00:46:33,250 --> 00:46:30,619
and you tell your fine guidance sensors

1177
00:46:36,609 --> 00:46:33,260
go out there and find these stars lock

1178
00:46:39,220 --> 00:46:36,619
on to them in Holmby exactly perfectly

1179
00:46:41,589 --> 00:46:39,230
still so that decides instrument can get

1180
00:46:42,480 --> 00:46:41,599
its name those momentum wheels right

1181
00:46:43,770 --> 00:46:42,490
those that we talked

1182
00:46:46,230 --> 00:46:43,780
about earlier they keep this pointed

1183
00:46:49,320 --> 00:46:46,240
straight or is that just move yeah okay

1184
00:46:53,190 --> 00:46:49,330
well well no they will move I did they

1185
00:46:54,690 --> 00:46:53,200
also yeah they will move it you'll find

1186
00:46:56,280 --> 00:46:54,700
you too because you I realize we're

1187
00:46:58,109 --> 00:46:56,290
spinning around that 18,000 miles an

1188
00:47:00,630 --> 00:46:58,119
hour trying to point something out space

1189
00:47:03,540 --> 00:47:00,640
we've got you know we're moving we have

1190
00:47:05,160 --> 00:47:03,550
to move these things in and how accurate

1191
00:47:07,920 --> 00:47:05,170
doesn't do that I mean does it can you

1192
00:47:10,650 --> 00:47:07,930
keep the stars within a pixel are moving

1193
00:47:13,109 --> 00:47:10,660
keep stars within six milliseconds then

1194
00:47:15,120 --> 00:47:13,119
less than 6 million a few milli arcs and

1195
00:47:18,090 --> 00:47:15,130
so point zero zero one arc seconds if if

1196
00:47:21,150 --> 00:47:18,100
that takes go yeah that's pretty darn

1197
00:47:23,160 --> 00:47:21,160
accurate all right good and it has to do

1198
00:47:25,290 --> 00:47:23,170
that while orbiting the earth yeah well

1199
00:47:27,480 --> 00:47:25,300
this is 18,000 miles an hour that's

1200
00:47:29,580 --> 00:47:27,490
right I mean essentially it's like we're

1201
00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:29,590
looking at a dime a dime at the top of

1202
00:47:33,900 --> 00:47:31,210
the Empire State Building and we can

1203
00:47:35,910 --> 00:47:33,910
hold Hubble pointed at that time ice

1204
00:47:37,170 --> 00:47:35,920
very nice I like this picture because it

1205
00:47:38,970 --> 00:47:37,180
shows all of the seems like there's a

1206
00:47:40,500 --> 00:47:38,980
lot of wasted space so what do you think

1207
00:47:43,859 --> 00:47:40,510
about this Scott you have any comments

1208
00:47:46,290 --> 00:47:43,869
on this week the what are some of these

1209
00:47:48,450 --> 00:47:46,300
other circles that that Mike alluded to

1210
00:47:50,430 --> 00:47:48,460
well the image that we've got up on the

1211
00:47:51,710 --> 00:47:50,440
screen now this is actually at the

1212
00:47:54,750 --> 00:47:51,720
instrument complement we had before

1213
00:47:56,790 --> 00:47:54,760
servicing mission three be all right I

1214
00:47:58,650 --> 00:47:56,800
just saw this boops one that you've got

1215
00:48:00,870 --> 00:47:58,660
in the center there is the the old wide

1216
00:48:03,030 --> 00:48:00,880
field planetary camera 2 which was

1217
00:48:06,510 --> 00:48:03,040
actually a conveyor a shin of for ccds

1218
00:48:08,430 --> 00:48:06,520
okay well it has that shape the if the

1219
00:48:10,040 --> 00:48:08,440
two circles just to the above and to the

1220
00:48:13,230 --> 00:48:10,050
left of that of the faint object camera

1221
00:48:14,910 --> 00:48:13,240
the circle and the inscribed squares

1222
00:48:16,859 --> 00:48:14,920
those are actually the three nick moss

1223
00:48:18,570 --> 00:48:16,869
cameras that we have the infrared

1224
00:48:21,390 --> 00:48:18,580
instrument and those are still on board

1225
00:48:23,220 --> 00:48:21,400
and then the circle with the square and

1226
00:48:26,280 --> 00:48:23,230
then the X kind of inscribed in it

1227
00:48:29,160 --> 00:48:26,290
that's the disc field of view so that's

1228
00:48:31,080 --> 00:48:29,170
our imaging spectrograph okay on if you

1229
00:48:32,400 --> 00:48:31,090
want to go to the next I think what are

1230
00:48:36,000 --> 00:48:32,410
the next images that we've gotten that

1231
00:48:38,099 --> 00:48:36,010
package there should be an upgraded view

1232
00:48:40,740 --> 00:48:38,109
of this field of view projection it's

1233
00:48:44,340 --> 00:48:40,750
not on the sky but that show yep the one

1234
00:48:46,470 --> 00:48:44,350
back one yeah there you go okay get over

1235
00:48:48,780 --> 00:48:46,480
there it gives you the the upgraded

1236
00:48:51,270 --> 00:48:48,790
fields of view with with ACS installed

1237
00:48:52,650 --> 00:48:51,280
that replaced an optic camera and then

1238
00:48:54,180 --> 00:48:52,660
you there you cease tests and then

1239
00:48:55,859 --> 00:48:54,190
capture cosmic origins spectrograph

1240
00:48:59,249 --> 00:48:55,869
which replaced

1241
00:49:01,349 --> 00:48:59,259
costar which was our optical pointing

1242
00:49:02,609 --> 00:49:01,359
correction by instrument so which is why

1243
00:49:04,499 --> 00:49:02,619
you didn't see anything in the bottom

1244
00:49:06,210 --> 00:49:04,509
left-hand corner of that that image add

1245
00:49:08,160 --> 00:49:06,220
up before and then you could see the

1246
00:49:09,630 --> 00:49:08,170
Nick cameras there Bradford Nick moss

1247
00:49:11,220 --> 00:49:09,640
and then of course in the center we have

1248
00:49:14,370 --> 00:49:11,230
wide field camera 3 now instead of would

1249
00:49:18,089 --> 00:49:14,380
do are those fine guidance sensors all

1250
00:49:20,370 --> 00:49:18,099
these see CDs okay there are actually

1251
00:49:22,380 --> 00:49:20,380
interferometers um which they did

1252
00:49:25,890 --> 00:49:22,390
they're actually amazing instruments um

1253
00:49:27,150 --> 00:49:25,900
because um air do the little Michelson

1254
00:49:30,359 --> 00:49:27,160
interferometer ziff you know what those

1255
00:49:32,009 --> 00:49:30,369
are yeah actually um have thinner bunch

1256
00:49:34,759 --> 00:49:32,019
of mirrors in them that'd slit the light

1257
00:49:37,680 --> 00:49:34,769
and recombine it and allow them to

1258
00:49:41,400 --> 00:49:37,690
extremely accurately grab on to preach

1259
00:49:42,839 --> 00:49:41,410
sources um but they actually be used as

1260
00:49:44,819 --> 00:49:42,849
science instruments we always like to

1261
00:49:46,380 --> 00:49:44,829
say you know Scott will say well I have

1262
00:49:48,359 --> 00:49:46,390
all these signs systems and I say well

1263
00:49:50,430 --> 00:49:48,369
I've got three science instruments here

1264
00:49:52,859 --> 00:49:50,440
because each fine guidance sensors can

1265
00:49:55,079 --> 00:49:52,869
actually use to do science in there's

1266
00:49:57,960 --> 00:49:55,089
what's known as the spirometry science

1267
00:49:59,819 --> 00:49:57,970
that public does and as the measurement

1268
00:50:01,589 --> 00:49:59,829
of positions in the sky right astrometry

1269
00:50:04,650 --> 00:50:01,599
you can measure in fires find positions

1270
00:50:07,259 --> 00:50:04,660
on the day turn extremely sensitive to

1271
00:50:09,269 --> 00:50:07,269
because they can i detect these

1272
00:50:11,729 --> 00:50:09,279
positions to hold the telescope to

1273
00:50:13,829 --> 00:50:11,739
within like story arc second they

1274
00:50:16,920 --> 00:50:13,839
actually can really find a fine double

1275
00:50:18,900 --> 00:50:16,930
stars on really well any stars of you

1276
00:50:20,460 --> 00:50:18,910
from the ground that people say oh it's

1277
00:50:21,779 --> 00:50:20,470
only once or it's one star Hubble will

1278
00:50:24,630 --> 00:50:21,789
actually say no no it's actually two

1279
00:50:26,160 --> 00:50:24,640
stars you can actually measure their

1280
00:50:28,620 --> 00:50:26,170
separation and measure some of their

1281
00:50:31,319 --> 00:50:28,630
properties you'll do actually really

1282
00:50:33,359 --> 00:50:31,329
really high accuracy precision between

1283
00:50:34,859 --> 00:50:33,369
one star star the next star in the next

1284
00:50:36,960 --> 00:50:34,869
stars it's doing this drama tree

1285
00:50:38,370 --> 00:50:36,970
observations so they were just a while

1286
00:50:41,160 --> 00:50:38,380
back called the Hubble guide star

1287
00:50:43,170 --> 00:50:41,170
catalogue was that made in using that or

1288
00:50:46,650 --> 00:50:43,180
was that something else i'm thinking of

1289
00:50:48,390 --> 00:50:46,660
that's actually made I mean people when

1290
00:50:50,729 --> 00:50:48,400
I said well we were gonna go back you

1291
00:50:52,829 --> 00:50:50,739
know well there's that star there how do

1292
00:50:54,450 --> 00:50:52,839
we know exactly where that star is the

1293
00:50:57,420 --> 00:50:54,460
Hubble guides our catalog is actually

1294
00:50:59,789 --> 00:50:57,430
catalog of many many hundreds of

1295
00:51:01,349 --> 00:50:59,799
thousands of stars in very accurate

1296
00:51:03,660 --> 00:51:01,359
positions because we need to know

1297
00:51:05,309 --> 00:51:03,670
exactly where those stores are to be

1298
00:51:07,799 --> 00:51:05,319
able to tell those fgs is where to go to

1299
00:51:09,480 --> 00:51:07,809
find them so double guy star catalogue

1300
00:51:11,100 --> 00:51:09,490
is the guy Oh

1301
00:51:12,300 --> 00:51:11,110
I thought yeah okay I was wondering if

1302
00:51:14,820 --> 00:51:12,310
it was related but it sounds like it's

1303
00:51:15,870 --> 00:51:14,830
not so okay I want to get to work

1304
00:51:17,430 --> 00:51:15,880
running out of time and I want to get

1305
00:51:20,220 --> 00:51:17,440
some comments here I have one from

1306
00:51:22,290 --> 00:51:20,230
Daniel no sato on the Q&A app he is

1307
00:51:25,109 --> 00:51:22,300
asking do you think a private company

1308
00:51:27,030 --> 00:51:25,119
like SpaceX might take over the

1309
00:51:29,580 --> 00:51:27,040
maintenance and control of Hubble once

1310
00:51:31,890 --> 00:51:29,590
NASA converts over to JWST and perhaps

1311
00:51:34,230 --> 00:51:31,900
set up a crowdfunding system like slew

1312
00:51:37,800 --> 00:51:34,240
for anyone to point Hubble sure would be

1313
00:51:38,970 --> 00:51:37,810
cool it's a great idea uh Carol is that

1314
00:51:45,060 --> 00:51:38,980
something you'd want to comment on maybe

1315
00:51:48,720 --> 00:51:45,070
you're sure um so just for all you fans

1316
00:51:50,850 --> 00:51:48,730
of SpaceX and Elon Musk Elon Musk has

1317
00:51:54,270 --> 00:51:50,860
actually received quite a bit of NASA

1318
00:51:56,340 --> 00:51:54,280
funding to get his little enterprise off

1319
00:51:58,380 --> 00:51:56,350
the ground as we say so he's not

1320
00:52:02,850 --> 00:51:58,390
completely independent of NASA number

1321
00:52:06,870 --> 00:52:02,860
one and number two this kind of

1322
00:52:10,230 --> 00:52:06,880
exploration is and and use of scientific

1323
00:52:12,570 --> 00:52:10,240
instruments is really something that

1324
00:52:14,910 --> 00:52:12,580
requires a national effort and a

1325
00:52:16,650 --> 00:52:14,920
national will and so like a lot of the

1326
00:52:18,420 --> 00:52:16,660
ground-based telescopes are funded

1327
00:52:20,250 --> 00:52:18,430
through the National Science Foundation

1328
00:52:23,550 --> 00:52:20,260
because it's very hard for private

1329
00:52:25,530 --> 00:52:23,560
institutions to afford such facilities

1330
00:52:27,599 --> 00:52:25,540
now there are a few cases in the old

1331
00:52:30,450 --> 00:52:27,609
days of ground-based observatories that

1332
00:52:32,520 --> 00:52:30,460
were very capable that were privately

1333
00:52:34,760 --> 00:52:32,530
funded by people who had a lot of money

1334
00:52:37,710 --> 00:52:34,770
but in when we start talking about

1335
00:52:40,320 --> 00:52:37,720
sending rockets into space and then

1336
00:52:42,480 --> 00:52:40,330
putting astronomical instruments on them

1337
00:52:45,060 --> 00:52:42,490
it's very difficult so maybe sometime

1338
00:52:47,880 --> 00:52:45,070
downstream it might be possible to

1339
00:52:51,599 --> 00:52:47,890
privatize right now NASA is really the

1340
00:52:54,060 --> 00:52:51,609
only name of the game and note you know

1341
00:52:56,790 --> 00:52:54,070
the science part of NASA is not for

1342
00:53:00,300 --> 00:52:56,800
profit and in fact we we give away all

1343
00:53:03,840 --> 00:53:00,310
of our data so to then start talking

1344
00:53:06,120 --> 00:53:03,850
about commercial space and then applying

1345
00:53:08,400 --> 00:53:06,130
that to scientific research is really

1346
00:53:10,530 --> 00:53:08,410
scary for people like me because that

1347
00:53:13,050 --> 00:53:10,540
means that the costs are what going to

1348
00:53:16,230 --> 00:53:13,060
go way up and it's not going to really

1349
00:53:18,960 --> 00:53:16,240
be possible for many of us to to do the

1350
00:53:20,430 --> 00:53:18,970
science unless it's federally funded

1351
00:53:22,830 --> 00:53:20,440
we have this arrangement with the

1352
00:53:25,350 --> 00:53:22,840
European Space Agency so it's two very

1353
00:53:27,360 --> 00:53:25,360
large agencies putting together their

1354
00:53:29,070 --> 00:53:27,370
resources and expertise so that

1355
00:53:33,780 --> 00:53:29,080
scientists can do the research sorry

1356
00:53:36,060 --> 00:53:33,790
it's an interesting idea but it does

1357
00:53:38,190 --> 00:53:36,070
require significant resources and

1358
00:53:40,440 --> 00:53:38,200
expertise to to keep these things

1359
00:53:42,780 --> 00:53:40,450
running and you're only you're seeing

1360
00:53:45,510 --> 00:53:42,790
three of great experts on mobile and

1361
00:53:47,160 --> 00:53:45,520
there are many more right yeah so it's

1362
00:53:50,490 --> 00:53:47,170
easy so it's a very expensive endeavor

1363
00:53:52,260 --> 00:53:50,500
good what good point there if Tony I

1364
00:53:55,470 --> 00:53:52,270
think there's definitely going to be

1365
00:53:57,960 --> 00:53:55,480
good overlap between JWST and Hubble so

1366
00:54:00,180 --> 00:53:57,970
it's not like once jwst is on orbit

1367
00:54:02,010 --> 00:54:00,190
Hubble's just gonna get turned off okay

1368
00:54:03,600 --> 00:54:02,020
hold that thought oh that's not hold

1369
00:54:07,110 --> 00:54:03,610
that thought there Morgan because brooke

1370
00:54:09,060 --> 00:54:07,120
van der be a Q&A app is it yeah we get

1371
00:54:11,250 --> 00:54:09,070
this almost every time how long are we

1372
00:54:18,000 --> 00:54:11,260
going to keep using Hubble why would it

1373
00:54:20,250 --> 00:54:18,010
stop being usable I continue please stop

1374
00:54:21,900 --> 00:54:20,260
right at least until 2020 and like I

1375
00:54:24,960 --> 00:54:21,910
said we're really hoping to get a few

1376
00:54:27,750 --> 00:54:24,970
years of overlap between Hubble and jwst

1377
00:54:29,700 --> 00:54:27,760
we can both telescopes can be observing

1378
00:54:32,880 --> 00:54:29,710
the same thing and get data from the

1379
00:54:34,110 --> 00:54:32,890
different instruments and I you know my

1380
00:54:36,210 --> 00:54:34,120
instinct is that we're going to be able

1381
00:54:38,940 --> 00:54:36,220
to operate longer than 20 20 and

1382
00:54:42,960 --> 00:54:38,950
certainly as instruments dyers the gyros

1383
00:54:45,120 --> 00:54:42,970
die um the capabilities might be lower

1384
00:54:47,010 --> 00:54:45,130
than they are right now and but we have

1385
00:54:49,680 --> 00:54:47,020
a lot of contingency built-in we have a

1386
00:54:51,870 --> 00:54:49,690
lot of engineers working on all sorts of

1387
00:54:54,300 --> 00:54:51,880
life extension projects to keep Hubble

1388
00:54:56,100 --> 00:54:54,310
going just as long as we possibly can so

1389
00:54:58,170 --> 00:54:56,110
what about the second part of that

1390
00:54:59,760 --> 00:54:58,180
question why would it stop being usable

1391
00:55:03,390 --> 00:54:59,770
what are some of the things that would

1392
00:55:05,640 --> 00:55:03,400
make it no not not a thing we can use

1393
00:55:07,980 --> 00:55:05,650
anymore certainly like Mike said we have

1394
00:55:12,120 --> 00:55:07,990
science modes that can operate with 10

1395
00:55:15,060 --> 00:55:12,130
um so the gyros are 11 and if all of the

1396
00:55:17,040 --> 00:55:15,070
instruments end up having we've had some

1397
00:55:19,290 --> 00:55:17,050
power issues on the instruments

1398
00:55:21,990 --> 00:55:19,300
historically so if the instruments just

1399
00:55:24,990 --> 00:55:22,000
stop not being able to literally not get

1400
00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:25,000
power Mike we gave you one of the

1401
00:55:29,160 --> 00:55:27,010
doomsday scenarios of we go into a

1402
00:55:31,140 --> 00:55:29,170
regular safe mode we close the door so

1403
00:55:32,190 --> 00:55:31,150
there's lots of different things that

1404
00:55:33,839 --> 00:55:32,200
could go wrong

1405
00:55:36,630 --> 00:55:33,849
but we have multiple layers of

1406
00:55:39,390 --> 00:55:36,640
redundancy built in so we need lots of

1407
00:55:40,560 --> 00:55:39,400
problems Dalton well that leads me I'm

1408
00:55:41,700 --> 00:55:40,570
sorry to be rushing but I'm running out

1409
00:55:43,290 --> 00:55:41,710
of time i'll make sure i get some of

1410
00:55:45,660 --> 00:55:43,300
these that leads me to Tony Lynch's

1411
00:55:47,730 --> 00:55:45,670
question which is how do you this is

1412
00:55:50,190 --> 00:55:47,740
another limiting factor on Hubble how do

1413
00:55:52,740 --> 00:55:50,200
you keep Hubble in its actual altitude

1414
00:55:55,650 --> 00:55:52,750
in his orbital altitude how do we keep

1415
00:55:58,560 --> 00:55:55,660
it up there what do we do go it's a

1416
00:56:00,990 --> 00:55:58,570
quite it's just sitting up there it in

1417
00:56:03,240 --> 00:56:01,000
and it's actually slowly falling down I

1418
00:56:05,849 --> 00:56:03,250
mean the trouble is this thing has very

1419
00:56:07,950 --> 00:56:05,859
big wings on it and these things I mean

1420
00:56:09,900 --> 00:56:07,960
even though we're at yo 340 miles above

1421
00:56:12,120 --> 00:56:09,910
the atmosphere we get atmospheric drag

1422
00:56:14,609 --> 00:56:12,130
we are slowly coming down and there's

1423
00:56:17,640 --> 00:56:14,619
nothing we can do about that I mean you

1424
00:56:19,950 --> 00:56:17,650
know you that is the most life limiting

1425
00:56:21,750 --> 00:56:19,960
thing I mean what it will do or 'but and

1426
00:56:23,490 --> 00:56:21,760
so but that's out you know this

1427
00:56:25,680 --> 00:56:23,500
estimates now are pushing that out you

1428
00:56:28,620 --> 00:56:25,690
know 2035 something like that we come

1429
00:56:29,760 --> 00:56:28,630
down by ourselves right so and I think

1430
00:56:32,250 --> 00:56:29,770
the limit the outer limit on that

1431
00:56:36,569 --> 00:56:32,260
somewhere around the middle mid-2020s

1432
00:56:38,130 --> 00:56:36,579
where that might be a real problem so so

1433
00:56:42,270 --> 00:56:38,140
yeah so that that's another limiting

1434
00:56:43,829 --> 00:56:42,280
issue so here is let me just respond to

1435
00:56:45,359 --> 00:56:43,839
this comment shungo for is asking is

1436
00:56:47,370 --> 00:56:45,369
there any way to rewatch this once it's

1437
00:56:49,230 --> 00:56:47,380
over yes this will be archived on our

1438
00:56:51,150 --> 00:56:49,240
youtube channel hubble slight channel

1439
00:56:52,829 --> 00:56:51,160
which if you haven't subscribed you are

1440
00:56:55,650 --> 00:56:52,839
wrong you need to go over to youtube and

1441
00:56:58,010 --> 00:56:55,660
subscribe to our channel yeah I don't

1442
00:57:00,420 --> 00:56:58,020
feel how do you feel about that Tony

1443
00:57:01,890 --> 00:57:00,430
I'll subscribe that way you'll also be

1444
00:57:04,500 --> 00:57:01,900
notified of any future hangouts on air

1445
00:57:06,930 --> 00:57:04,510
and also wanted a shout out to we just

1446
00:57:09,630 --> 00:57:06,940
broke four million followers and Google+

1447
00:57:11,069 --> 00:57:09,640
so thank you all in Google+ and make

1448
00:57:13,620 --> 00:57:11,079
sure to follow us over at Twitter we're

1449
00:57:15,690 --> 00:57:13,630
at Hubble telescope yes thank you for

1450
00:57:18,120 --> 00:57:15,700
that Michael job in one final comment

1451
00:57:21,569 --> 00:57:18,130
and then so you don't torque with the

1452
00:57:24,930 --> 00:57:21,579
CMG's you don't torque on the CMG's with

1453
00:57:29,790 --> 00:57:24,940
actuators to move it CMG's what are

1454
00:57:31,859 --> 00:57:29,800
those i'm not sure but but no to move it

1455
00:57:34,230 --> 00:57:31,869
all because spin the wheels yeah you

1456
00:57:39,930 --> 00:57:34,240
just spin the wheels alligators cool

1457
00:57:41,339 --> 00:57:39,940
mini gremlins and Nnanji yeah i'm not

1458
00:57:43,349 --> 00:57:41,349
question what those are Michael but

1459
00:57:44,700 --> 00:57:43,359
thanks for that and so yeah there's the

1460
00:57:45,750 --> 00:57:44,710
momentum wheels that are there solely

1461
00:57:47,610 --> 00:57:45,760
responsible for moving

1462
00:57:48,660 --> 00:57:47,620
I I forgetting anything Scott that I

1463
00:57:51,450 --> 00:57:48,670
haven't looked at the queue at the

1464
00:57:54,720 --> 00:57:51,460
Hubble of the YouTube nope at the

1465
00:57:56,970 --> 00:57:54,730
YouTube I'm thinking the only thing here

1466
00:57:58,800 --> 00:57:56,980
Twitter actually has been great and a

1467
00:58:00,990 --> 00:57:58,810
lot of our questions has been and thank

1468
00:58:04,710 --> 00:58:01,000
what I need though you has been greater

1469
00:58:07,830 --> 00:58:04,720
on Twitter um la let's see here there's

1470
00:58:10,640 --> 00:58:07,840
more of comments you know so for you

1471
00:58:12,840 --> 00:58:10,650
guys for our amazing guests lots of

1472
00:58:15,090 --> 00:58:12,850
thankful comments and actually

1473
00:58:18,390 --> 00:58:15,100
understanding how Hubble works so this

1474
00:58:19,860 --> 00:58:18,400
one is from da roc caelius Hubble is a

1475
00:58:21,420 --> 00:58:19,870
beautiful series of instruments this

1476
00:58:24,090 --> 00:58:21,430
video is helping me to understand the

1477
00:58:26,060 --> 00:58:24,100
fascinating simplicity and complexity in

1478
00:58:30,360 --> 00:58:26,070
the structure of the telescope thank you

1479
00:58:33,270 --> 00:58:30,370
which also know that yes and I think

1480
00:58:37,200 --> 00:58:33,280
this is a good question maybe in general

1481
00:58:40,670 --> 00:58:37,210
this from Chris Marshall here it says if

1482
00:58:42,930 --> 00:58:40,680
there was see here if there was a

1483
00:58:46,020 --> 00:58:42,940
spacecraft available the service Hubble

1484
00:58:47,760 --> 00:58:46,030
again what changes would you make is

1485
00:58:52,110 --> 00:58:47,770
there anything you guys would would

1486
00:58:54,200 --> 00:58:52,120
change I'd get a new key number I've

1487
00:58:58,320 --> 00:58:54,210
been to a pentium class or something i

1488
00:59:00,720 --> 00:58:58,330
don't look not broken yeah that's a good

1489
00:59:03,360 --> 00:59:00,730
philosophy of those problems instruments

1490
00:59:04,830 --> 00:59:03,370
i mean the the ability to change of

1491
00:59:06,600 --> 00:59:04,840
science which means is really what has

1492
00:59:08,040 --> 00:59:06,610
given Hubble the long life in the

1493
00:59:11,250 --> 00:59:08,050
ability if you put a new science

1494
00:59:13,140 --> 00:59:11,260
instrument up there the whole new yep

1495
00:59:15,390 --> 00:59:13,150
that's what happened so if you could all

1496
00:59:17,340 --> 00:59:15,400
one thing up on Hubble even a say you

1497
00:59:19,080 --> 00:59:17,350
had lost half your gyros in one wheel

1498
00:59:20,400 --> 00:59:19,090
you would put a science instrument up

1499
00:59:23,010 --> 00:59:20,410
there because it's going to give you

1500
00:59:25,350 --> 00:59:23,020
more science um yeah and I would say

1501
00:59:26,910 --> 00:59:25,360
that if we were face well if we had an

1502
00:59:30,270 --> 00:59:26,920
opportunity to do that and we were

1503
00:59:31,950 --> 00:59:30,280
pretty confident that wife ocala 3 was

1504
00:59:33,960 --> 00:59:31,960
going to continue operation i think the

1505
00:59:37,950 --> 00:59:33,970
science community would like then maybe

1506
00:59:40,650 --> 00:59:37,960
to expand the UV capability because this

1507
00:59:42,450 --> 00:59:40,660
is the last telescope for a very long

1508
00:59:45,600 --> 00:59:42,460
time that we'll be able to look in the

1509
00:59:47,730 --> 00:59:45,610
ultraviolet so that we're going to lose

1510
00:59:49,890 --> 00:59:47,740
that capability when we use Hubble and

1511
00:59:51,660 --> 00:59:49,900
in fact we have noticed that the number

1512
00:59:55,110 --> 00:59:51,670
of there's a whole campaign but the

1513
00:59:58,350 --> 00:59:55,120
number of proposals that have gone in

1514
00:59:59,220 --> 00:59:58,360
have emphasized some of the ultraviolet

1515
01:00:00,810 --> 00:59:59,230
capability

1516
01:00:03,090 --> 01:00:00,820
but the great thing is to have the wide

1517
01:00:05,760 --> 01:00:03,100
field camera there not only with the you

1518
01:00:07,820 --> 01:00:05,770
biz but but the infrared capability as

1519
01:00:10,170 --> 01:00:07,830
well so it's it's all of that together

1520
01:00:11,730 --> 01:00:10,180
so we have to think as a science

1521
01:00:15,120 --> 01:00:11,740
community what really is the highest

1522
01:00:17,670 --> 01:00:15,130
priority so I guess Elena looked it up

1523
01:00:20,430 --> 01:00:17,680
and said CMG is control moment gyroscope

1524
01:00:22,830 --> 01:00:20,440
so I guess we just didn't hold it oh you

1525
01:00:26,310 --> 01:00:22,840
know yeah no I guess that's what that

1526
01:00:27,570 --> 01:00:26,320
CMG is okay well I think that's all of

1527
01:00:29,910 --> 01:00:27,580
it I think that will conclude this

1528
01:00:31,020 --> 01:00:29,920
week's this week's hanging out I want to

1529
01:00:32,060 --> 01:00:31,030
thank everybody for watch I want to

1530
01:00:34,920 --> 01:00:32,070
thank our guests you guys were awesome

1531
01:00:36,300 --> 01:00:34,930
so thank you all this was a lot of fun

1532
01:00:37,320 --> 01:00:36,310
I've been dying to learn about the nuts

1533
01:00:39,570 --> 01:00:37,330
and bolts of the Hubble Space Telescope

1534
01:00:41,099 --> 01:00:39,580
and how its operated so thank you all

1535
01:00:45,300 --> 01:00:41,109
thank you all for taking the time out to

1536
01:00:49,470 --> 01:00:45,310
join us from Goddard and Carol next week

1537
01:00:52,770 --> 01:00:49,480
all it says is a bill 2744 Z equals 10

1538
01:00:54,960 --> 01:00:52,780
that's that's a frontier fields frontier

1539
01:00:59,280 --> 01:00:54,970
fields is that a discovery of a very

1540
01:01:01,170 --> 01:00:59,290
very distant galaxies using not only the

1541
01:01:02,940 --> 01:01:01,180
standard techniques of measuring its

1542
01:01:06,540 --> 01:01:02,950
color because we can't measure its

1543
01:01:09,690 --> 01:01:06,550
spectrum but it's also studying the lens

1544
01:01:11,790 --> 01:01:09,700
model and that this object was found by

1545
01:01:15,510 --> 01:01:11,800
examining the lens mom so we'll be able

1546
01:01:16,920 --> 01:01:15,520
to really talk about okay we did these

1547
01:01:18,960 --> 01:01:16,930
clusters we know their gravitational

1548
01:01:20,640 --> 01:01:18,970
lenses now how do you model that and

1549
01:01:23,070 --> 01:01:20,650
what can you learn so it could all be

1550
01:01:26,940 --> 01:01:23,080
pretty cool I also tune in to see what Z

1551
01:01:32,160 --> 01:01:26,950
equals 10 mins so we means it really far

1552
01:01:33,720 --> 01:01:32,170
away that really far away we'll get a

1553
01:01:36,390 --> 01:01:33,730
frontier fields update next week on

1554
01:01:38,520 --> 01:01:36,400
Thursday three o'clock eastern time so

1555
01:01:42,500 --> 01:01:38,530
we hope you guys a little tune in thank